BIOL 2213 NEW FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Competition
an interaction between individuals for limited resources that reduces survival, growth,
and/or fertility
an inevitable consequence of increasing population size (N) and limited resources
intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species
Intraspecific example
two types of birds competing for the same food source in an area, such as seeds or
insects
What causes Intraspecific competition
Natural selection - trait differentiation
Fixation of adaptive (divergent) traits within species - selective pressures
Phenotypic divergence between species - decreases competition
Abundance and distribution of species - where you live when competition is present
interspecific competition
competition between members of different species
,interspecific example
a population of squirrels that are competing for access to a limited acorn resource in a
forest
Biological mechanisms where interspecific competition can occur
Consumption
Pre-emption
Overgrowth
Chemical Interactions
Territoriality
Encounter Competition
Consumption
one species inhibits another by consuming a shared resource
consumption example
in a forest where two species of birds are competing for the same food source, such as
seeds or insects.
Pre-emption
a primarily sesile organism occupies a physical resources, making it less available to
others
Pre-emption example
a barnacle occupying space in the intertidal
Overgrowth
,when an organism grows directly over another, with or without direct contact
overgrowth example
a large fern has overgrown other individuals and is shading them
Chemical interactions
chemical growth inhibitors or toxins produced to inhibit growth
Chemical interactions example
Pine trees release chemicals called terpenes, which inhibit the growth of other plants in
the area
Territoriality
aggressive behaviour to exclude others from space
Encounter competition
non-territorial encounters between foraging individuals
Interference competition
a form of competition between individuals of the same or different species that occurs
when one individual directly interferes with another individual's ability to acquire a
resource, such as food or space.
Interference competition exampleblennies is the fang blenny, which has large canine
teeth that it uses to intimidate other blennies and defend its territory
Exploitative competition
a form of interspecific competition in which members of different species compete for a
resource, such as food or water, without directly interacting with each other.
, Exploitative competition example
different bird species feeding on seed at a birdfeeder.
Competitive exclusionary principle
also referred to as Gause's law, is a theory that suggests that two species competing for
the same limiting resource cannot coexist indefinitely. One species will always
outcompete and displace the other species.
Competitive exclusionary principle example
two species of birds competing for the same insects may eventually lead to one species
becoming dominant and the other species declining or even becoming extinct in that
area.
Competition in plants
basic biological differences affect the process of competition
size variation in plants
competition for common resources
How do plants avoid competition?
evolved seed dispersal to avoid competition with neighbouring offspring
methods of seed dispersal
wind, fire, seed dispersal from parental death
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Competition
an interaction between individuals for limited resources that reduces survival, growth,
and/or fertility
an inevitable consequence of increasing population size (N) and limited resources
intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species
Intraspecific example
two types of birds competing for the same food source in an area, such as seeds or
insects
What causes Intraspecific competition
Natural selection - trait differentiation
Fixation of adaptive (divergent) traits within species - selective pressures
Phenotypic divergence between species - decreases competition
Abundance and distribution of species - where you live when competition is present
interspecific competition
competition between members of different species
,interspecific example
a population of squirrels that are competing for access to a limited acorn resource in a
forest
Biological mechanisms where interspecific competition can occur
Consumption
Pre-emption
Overgrowth
Chemical Interactions
Territoriality
Encounter Competition
Consumption
one species inhibits another by consuming a shared resource
consumption example
in a forest where two species of birds are competing for the same food source, such as
seeds or insects.
Pre-emption
a primarily sesile organism occupies a physical resources, making it less available to
others
Pre-emption example
a barnacle occupying space in the intertidal
Overgrowth
,when an organism grows directly over another, with or without direct contact
overgrowth example
a large fern has overgrown other individuals and is shading them
Chemical interactions
chemical growth inhibitors or toxins produced to inhibit growth
Chemical interactions example
Pine trees release chemicals called terpenes, which inhibit the growth of other plants in
the area
Territoriality
aggressive behaviour to exclude others from space
Encounter competition
non-territorial encounters between foraging individuals
Interference competition
a form of competition between individuals of the same or different species that occurs
when one individual directly interferes with another individual's ability to acquire a
resource, such as food or space.
Interference competition exampleblennies is the fang blenny, which has large canine
teeth that it uses to intimidate other blennies and defend its territory
Exploitative competition
a form of interspecific competition in which members of different species compete for a
resource, such as food or water, without directly interacting with each other.
, Exploitative competition example
different bird species feeding on seed at a birdfeeder.
Competitive exclusionary principle
also referred to as Gause's law, is a theory that suggests that two species competing for
the same limiting resource cannot coexist indefinitely. One species will always
outcompete and displace the other species.
Competitive exclusionary principle example
two species of birds competing for the same insects may eventually lead to one species
becoming dominant and the other species declining or even becoming extinct in that
area.
Competition in plants
basic biological differences affect the process of competition
size variation in plants
competition for common resources
How do plants avoid competition?
evolved seed dispersal to avoid competition with neighbouring offspring
methods of seed dispersal
wind, fire, seed dispersal from parental death
