CHAPTER 7 - Pesticides in the Environment Actual Real Practice Exam Updated Questions And Detailed Answers.

3 questions an applicator must ask - correct answer 1. WHERE will the pesticide go after it leaves its container or application equipment? 2. What effects could this pesticide have on those NONTARGET sites it may reach? 3. What can I do to MINIMIZE harmful effects? The 4 characteristics that determine a pesticide's interaction with the environment - correct answer 1. Solubility 2. Absorption 3. Persistence 4. Volatality Solubility - correct answer Measure of the ability of a pesticide to dissolve in a solvent (usually water) ___________ soluble pesticides are more likely to move with water in surface runoff through soil - correct answer HIGHLY Absorption - correct answer The process whereby a pesticide binds to soil particles Persistence - correct answer The ability of a pesticide to remain present and active in its original form for an extended period before breaking down A chemical's persistence is described in terms of its "____________" - correct answer half-life Half-life - correct answer A comparative measure of the time needed for the chemical to break down (degrade) The shorter/longer the half-life, the more persistent the pesticide - correct answer LONGER Residue - correct answer The pesticide that remains in the environment after an application or spill 3 processes of pesticide degradation - correct answer 1. Chemical degradation 2. Microbial action 2. Photodegneration Chemical degradation - correct answer The breakdown of chemicals that do NOT involve living organisms, usually by a chemical reaction with water Microbial action - correct answer The breakdown of chemicals by soil microorganisms, such as fungi or bacteria. Photodegradation - correct answer The breakdown of chemicals in reaction to sunlight Volatility - correct answer The tendency of a pesticide to turn into a gas or vapor The chance of volatilization increases as ___________ and _______ increase - correct answer temperatures, wind Drift - correct answer Pesticide movement away from the application site by wind or air currents Runoff - correct answer Water that flows OVER the ground surface Leaching - correct answer The transportation of dissolved molecules THROUGH the soil (sometimes reaching groundwater) T/F: It is impossible to eliminate dirft - correct answer TRUE Spray drift - correct answer The off-target movement of a pesticide during a liquid application ________ drift occurs more frequently than vapor drift or particle (dust) drift - correct answer Spray You can avoid most spray drift problems by paying close attention to (3) - correct answer 1. Spray droplet size 2. Wind direction 3. Wind speed Large spray droplets are less/more likely to drift than smaller ones - correct answer LESS As the thickness decrease/increases, so does droplet size, thus reducing the chance of off-target movement - correct answer INCREASES ___________ and __________ are the most important environmental factors influencing spray drift - correct answer Wind speed, direction The _______________ and ____________ are often the best times to apply pesticides - correct answer early morning, evening Drift that occurs over long distances (more than a mile) is most often the result of applications made during a _______________ - correct answer temperature inversion A temperature inversion exists when the air at ground level is... - correct answer cooler than the air above it T/F: Almost all air movement during an inversion is sideways (lateral) - correct answer TRUE Inversions most often develop during... - correct answer the early evening hours (The ground temperature begins to cool and the warm air has already risen) Inversion conditions intensify during the _______ - correct answer night If the temperature at ground level is below/above that found at the elevated thermometer, a temperature inversion exists. Do not a