Examl2:lNU606/lNUl606l(NewlUpdate)l
AdvancedlPathophysiologylGuide|lQsl&lAs|l
GradelA|l100%lCorrectl(VerifiedlAnswers)l–
lRegis
QUESTION
AcutelMyocardiallInfarctionl(MI,lheartlattack)
Answer:
life-
threateninglconditionlthatloccurslwhenlbloodlflowltolthelheartlmusclelislabruptlylcutloff,lcausin
gltissueldeathltolthelheart;lusuallyldueltolalblockagelinlonelorlmoreloflthelcoronarylarteries
QUESTION
Afterlhavinglalheartlattack,lwhatlareltheselpatientslarelanlincreasedlrisklfor?
Answer:
heartlfailure,lcardiogeniclshockl(heartlsuddenlylcan'tlpumplenoughlbloodltolmeetlyourlbody'sln
eeds),lpericarditis,lclots,lruptureloflthelheart,landlventricularlaneurysms
QUESTION
Whatlislmyocardiallischemia?lAtherosclerosislcanlcauselit,lbutlcanlvasospasmlbelalcontributing
lfactor?
Answer:
occurslwhenlbloodlflowltolyourlheartlislreduced,lpreventinglthelheartlmusclelfromlreceivinglen
oughloxygen;lyes
,QUESTION
Chroniclstablelanginalvslunstablelangina:lstablelanginaloccurslwithlexertionlwhilelunstablelangi
nalcomeslonlwhilelthelpatientlislatlrest
Answer:
stablelanginaloccurslbecauselthelbloodlgoingltolthelheartlmusclelislnotlenoughltolcoverlforlthel
extralworkloadlinlexercise.lUnstablelanginaloccurslbecauselalbloodlclotlblockslanlarterylsupply
inglthelheartlmuscle
QUESTION
Stenosislislwhenlthelvalvelwilllnotlopenlalllthelway
Answer:
itlislharderltolforcelbloodlthroughlit;lwilllhearlmurmurloflbloodlshootinglthroughlthelnarrowlop
eninglwhenlthelvalvelislopen
QUESTION
Whatlislregurgitationlislthelvalvelwilllnotlcloselalllthelway
Answer:
itlleakslwhenl"closed.";lwilllhearlalmurmurloflbloodlleakinglbacklthroughlwhenlthelvalvelshoul
dlbelclosed
QUESTION
IflAVlvalveslleadinglintolthelventriclesldolnotlworkl-->lmitrallorltricuspidlproblems
Answer:
Iflsemilunarlvalveslleadingloutloflthelventriclesldolnotlworkl-->laorticlorlpulmonarylproblems
,QUESTION
Mitrallvalvelstenosis
Answer:
islcharacterizedlbylfibrouslreplacementloflthelvascularltissue,lalonglw/lstiffnesslandlfusionloflth
elvalvelapparatus;lcanlcauselpulmonarylcongestion
QUESTION
Mitrallvalvelregurgitation
Answer:
islcharacterizedlbylthelincompletelclosureloflthelmitrallvalve
QUESTION
Whatlcauseslmitrallvalvelregurgitation?
Answer:
itlcanlbelcausedlbylprocesseslthatlresultlinlalrigidlandlthickenedlvalvelsuchlaslinlthelcaseloflRh
eumaticlheartldiseasel(RHS)landlcanlbelcausedlbylthelruptureloflthelchordaeltendineaeldueltola
nlMIlandlmanylotherlways
QUESTION
Mitrallvalvelprolapse
Answer:
pathologiclfindingslincludeltheldegenerationloflmitrallvalvelleafletslthatlcauseslthemltolbelbeco
melenlargedlandlfloppylsolthatltheylprolapselorlballoonlbacklintolthelleftlatriumlduringlsystole
, QUESTION
Aorticlvalvelstenosis
Answer:
islcharacterizedlbylthelnarrowingloflthelvalvelorificelwithlincreasedlresistanceltolejectionloflblo
odlfromlthelleftlventriclelintolthelaorta
QUESTION
Aorticlvalvelregurgitation
Answer:
islthelresultloflanlincompetentlaorticlvalvelthatlallowslbloodltolflowlbackltolthelventriclelduring
ldiastole
QUESTION
Mitrallvalvelprolapselislalsolknownlas:
Answer:
Floppylmitrallvalvelsyndrome
QUESTION
Whatlarelthelmajorlmechanismslinlwhichlantibioticslinhibitlorlkilllbacteria?
Answer:
bylinhibitinglcelllwall,lproteinlandlnucleiclacidlsynthesislandlmetabolism
QUESTION
Howldolantiviralslwork?
AdvancedlPathophysiologylGuide|lQsl&lAs|l
GradelA|l100%lCorrectl(VerifiedlAnswers)l–
lRegis
QUESTION
AcutelMyocardiallInfarctionl(MI,lheartlattack)
Answer:
life-
threateninglconditionlthatloccurslwhenlbloodlflowltolthelheartlmusclelislabruptlylcutloff,lcausin
gltissueldeathltolthelheart;lusuallyldueltolalblockagelinlonelorlmoreloflthelcoronarylarteries
QUESTION
Afterlhavinglalheartlattack,lwhatlareltheselpatientslarelanlincreasedlrisklfor?
Answer:
heartlfailure,lcardiogeniclshockl(heartlsuddenlylcan'tlpumplenoughlbloodltolmeetlyourlbody'sln
eeds),lpericarditis,lclots,lruptureloflthelheart,landlventricularlaneurysms
QUESTION
Whatlislmyocardiallischemia?lAtherosclerosislcanlcauselit,lbutlcanlvasospasmlbelalcontributing
lfactor?
Answer:
occurslwhenlbloodlflowltolyourlheartlislreduced,lpreventinglthelheartlmusclelfromlreceivinglen
oughloxygen;lyes
,QUESTION
Chroniclstablelanginalvslunstablelangina:lstablelanginaloccurslwithlexertionlwhilelunstablelangi
nalcomeslonlwhilelthelpatientlislatlrest
Answer:
stablelanginaloccurslbecauselthelbloodlgoingltolthelheartlmusclelislnotlenoughltolcoverlforlthel
extralworkloadlinlexercise.lUnstablelanginaloccurslbecauselalbloodlclotlblockslanlarterylsupply
inglthelheartlmuscle
QUESTION
Stenosislislwhenlthelvalvelwilllnotlopenlalllthelway
Answer:
itlislharderltolforcelbloodlthroughlit;lwilllhearlmurmurloflbloodlshootinglthroughlthelnarrowlop
eninglwhenlthelvalvelislopen
QUESTION
Whatlislregurgitationlislthelvalvelwilllnotlcloselalllthelway
Answer:
itlleakslwhenl"closed.";lwilllhearlalmurmurloflbloodlleakinglbacklthroughlwhenlthelvalvelshoul
dlbelclosed
QUESTION
IflAVlvalveslleadinglintolthelventriclesldolnotlworkl-->lmitrallorltricuspidlproblems
Answer:
Iflsemilunarlvalveslleadingloutloflthelventriclesldolnotlworkl-->laorticlorlpulmonarylproblems
,QUESTION
Mitrallvalvelstenosis
Answer:
islcharacterizedlbylfibrouslreplacementloflthelvascularltissue,lalonglw/lstiffnesslandlfusionloflth
elvalvelapparatus;lcanlcauselpulmonarylcongestion
QUESTION
Mitrallvalvelregurgitation
Answer:
islcharacterizedlbylthelincompletelclosureloflthelmitrallvalve
QUESTION
Whatlcauseslmitrallvalvelregurgitation?
Answer:
itlcanlbelcausedlbylprocesseslthatlresultlinlalrigidlandlthickenedlvalvelsuchlaslinlthelcaseloflRh
eumaticlheartldiseasel(RHS)landlcanlbelcausedlbylthelruptureloflthelchordaeltendineaeldueltola
nlMIlandlmanylotherlways
QUESTION
Mitrallvalvelprolapse
Answer:
pathologiclfindingslincludeltheldegenerationloflmitrallvalvelleafletslthatlcauseslthemltolbelbeco
melenlargedlandlfloppylsolthatltheylprolapselorlballoonlbacklintolthelleftlatriumlduringlsystole
, QUESTION
Aorticlvalvelstenosis
Answer:
islcharacterizedlbylthelnarrowingloflthelvalvelorificelwithlincreasedlresistanceltolejectionloflblo
odlfromlthelleftlventriclelintolthelaorta
QUESTION
Aorticlvalvelregurgitation
Answer:
islthelresultloflanlincompetentlaorticlvalvelthatlallowslbloodltolflowlbackltolthelventriclelduring
ldiastole
QUESTION
Mitrallvalvelprolapselislalsolknownlas:
Answer:
Floppylmitrallvalvelsyndrome
QUESTION
Whatlarelthelmajorlmechanismslinlwhichlantibioticslinhibitlorlkilllbacteria?
Answer:
bylinhibitinglcelllwall,lproteinlandlnucleiclacidlsynthesislandlmetabolism
QUESTION
Howldolantiviralslwork?