NUFT 433 EXAM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS AND RATIONALES
1. Nursing Considerations Pre-Cardiac Cath
o A. Administer anticoagulants and assess for sedation history
o B. NPO for 4-6 hours, stop anticoagulants, assess for allergies (shellfish), and pregnancy
o C. Encourage fluids prior to the procedure
o D. Ambulate to assess circulation before the procedure
o Answer: B
o Rationale: Ensuring the patient is NPO reduces aspiration risk, stopping anticoagulants
prevents excessive bleeding, and assessing allergies or pregnancy ensures patient
safety.
2. Nursing Considerations Post-Cardiac Cath
o A. Lay flat, check circulation, direct pressure after procedure, and minimal activity for 24
hours
o B. Encourage fluids only, no need to check circulation
o C. Apply pressure dressing for 24 hours immediately
o D. Ambulation is encouraged post-procedure
o Answer: A
o Rationale: Direct pressure, bed rest, and circulation checks prevent complications like
bleeding and poor perfusion.
3. Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow Defects (Acyanotic)
o A. ASD, TOF, PDA
o B. HLHS, VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis
o C. ASD, VSD, PDA
, o D. TGA, Pulmonary Atresia
o Answer: C
o Rationale: Acyanotic defects like ASD, VSD, and PDA cause left-to-right shunting of
blood, increasing pulmonary blood flow.
4. Heart Defects Causing Left-to-Right Shunt
o A. HLHS, PDA
o B. Acyanotic (ASD, VSD, PDA)
o C. TOF, Pulmonary Stenosis
o D. Pulmonary Atresia
o Answer: B
o Rationale: Left-to-right shunting defects do not cause cyanosis because oxygenated
blood flows to the lungs.
5. Hallmark Sign of PDA
o A. Bounding pulses and wide pulse pressure
o B. Machinery murmur
o C. Poor growth and bounding pulses
o D. All of the above
o Answer: D
o Rationale: PDA is associated with a machinery murmur, wide pulse pressure, bounding
pulses, and poor growth.
6. Most Common Non-Surgical Treatment for PDA
o A. IV Prostaglandin
o B. IV Indomethacin
o C. Surgical repair within 4 years
o D. Diuretics
o Answer: B
, o Rationale: IV Indomethacin helps close a PDA by promoting ductus arteriosus
constriction.
7. Harsh Murmur at the Left Sternal Border is a Sign of
o A. ASD
o B. VSD
o C. TOF
o D. PDA
o Answer: B
o Rationale: VSD typically produces a harsh murmur heard at the left sternal border.
8. VSD Treatment Timeline
o A. Spontaneous closure by 6 months; surgery if CHF persists or after 1 year
o B. Surgery within 6 months regardless of symptoms
o C. Surgery at 4 years of life
o D. Requires lifelong monitoring only
o Answer: A
o Rationale: Small VSDs may close naturally; surgical closure is indicated if symptoms like
CHF persist.
9. ASD Treatment Timeline
o A. Surgical closure within 1 year
o B. Most close spontaneously within 4 years
o C. Requires lifelong medications
o D. Immediate surgery after diagnosis
o Answer: B
o Rationale: Many ASDs close naturally within the first 4 years of life.
10. Heart Defects Causing Cyanosis
A. HLHS, Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Atresia, TGA
SOLUTIONS AND RATIONALES
1. Nursing Considerations Pre-Cardiac Cath
o A. Administer anticoagulants and assess for sedation history
o B. NPO for 4-6 hours, stop anticoagulants, assess for allergies (shellfish), and pregnancy
o C. Encourage fluids prior to the procedure
o D. Ambulate to assess circulation before the procedure
o Answer: B
o Rationale: Ensuring the patient is NPO reduces aspiration risk, stopping anticoagulants
prevents excessive bleeding, and assessing allergies or pregnancy ensures patient
safety.
2. Nursing Considerations Post-Cardiac Cath
o A. Lay flat, check circulation, direct pressure after procedure, and minimal activity for 24
hours
o B. Encourage fluids only, no need to check circulation
o C. Apply pressure dressing for 24 hours immediately
o D. Ambulation is encouraged post-procedure
o Answer: A
o Rationale: Direct pressure, bed rest, and circulation checks prevent complications like
bleeding and poor perfusion.
3. Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow Defects (Acyanotic)
o A. ASD, TOF, PDA
o B. HLHS, VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis
o C. ASD, VSD, PDA
, o D. TGA, Pulmonary Atresia
o Answer: C
o Rationale: Acyanotic defects like ASD, VSD, and PDA cause left-to-right shunting of
blood, increasing pulmonary blood flow.
4. Heart Defects Causing Left-to-Right Shunt
o A. HLHS, PDA
o B. Acyanotic (ASD, VSD, PDA)
o C. TOF, Pulmonary Stenosis
o D. Pulmonary Atresia
o Answer: B
o Rationale: Left-to-right shunting defects do not cause cyanosis because oxygenated
blood flows to the lungs.
5. Hallmark Sign of PDA
o A. Bounding pulses and wide pulse pressure
o B. Machinery murmur
o C. Poor growth and bounding pulses
o D. All of the above
o Answer: D
o Rationale: PDA is associated with a machinery murmur, wide pulse pressure, bounding
pulses, and poor growth.
6. Most Common Non-Surgical Treatment for PDA
o A. IV Prostaglandin
o B. IV Indomethacin
o C. Surgical repair within 4 years
o D. Diuretics
o Answer: B
, o Rationale: IV Indomethacin helps close a PDA by promoting ductus arteriosus
constriction.
7. Harsh Murmur at the Left Sternal Border is a Sign of
o A. ASD
o B. VSD
o C. TOF
o D. PDA
o Answer: B
o Rationale: VSD typically produces a harsh murmur heard at the left sternal border.
8. VSD Treatment Timeline
o A. Spontaneous closure by 6 months; surgery if CHF persists or after 1 year
o B. Surgery within 6 months regardless of symptoms
o C. Surgery at 4 years of life
o D. Requires lifelong monitoring only
o Answer: A
o Rationale: Small VSDs may close naturally; surgical closure is indicated if symptoms like
CHF persist.
9. ASD Treatment Timeline
o A. Surgical closure within 1 year
o B. Most close spontaneously within 4 years
o C. Requires lifelong medications
o D. Immediate surgery after diagnosis
o Answer: B
o Rationale: Many ASDs close naturally within the first 4 years of life.
10. Heart Defects Causing Cyanosis
A. HLHS, Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Atresia, TGA
