GMS 6121 Exam 4 questions well
answered to pass
Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis - correct answer ✔✔- cerebrospinal fluid analysis (by lumbar puncture)
Meningitis symptoms - correct answer ✔✔- headache
- stiff neck
- neurologic dysfunction: lethargy, confusion
- vomiting
Meningitis damage - correct answer ✔✔- inflammation
- PMNS
- vasogenic edema (leakage of fluid out of capillaries into the brain)
- impaired blood flow
- ischemia (lack of oxygen and blood in parts of the body)
- cell death
Acute bacterial meningitis signs - correct answer ✔✔- elevated leukocytes
predominant/increase in PMN (neutrophils)
- decreased glucose
- elevated protein
Acute bacterial meningitis- newborns/neonates - correct answer ✔✔- Group B streptococci
- E. coli K1
*- Listeria monocytogenes
Acute bacterial meningitis- infants/children up to 24 months - correct answer ✔✔- Streptococcus
pneumoniae
, - Neisseria meningitidis
*- Haemophilus influenzae type b
Acute bacterial meningitis- adults - correct answer ✔✔- Streptococcus pneumoniae
*- Neisseria meningitidis
upper respiratory tract - correct answer ✔✔- ciliated epithelium (everything down to bronchi)
lower respiratory tract - correct answer ✔✔- nonciliated epithelium (bronchoalveoli and alveoli)
Rationale of URT and LRT - correct answer ✔✔- URT can be cleared by the mucociliary escalator but LRT
cannot
Respiratory tract defenses: non-immune host - correct answer ✔✔- physical: mucociliary escalator of
URT
- particle exclusion: small particles <3 μM can make it to LRT
- Epiglottis, larynx and cough reflex (aspiration)
- Chemical: lysozyme (degrades peptidoglycan) and lactoferrin (binds Fe)
- Alveolar macrophages in LRT
- Complement in LRT
Respiratory tract defenses: immune host - correct answer ✔✔- sIgA in URT
- IgG in LRT
- CMI: TH1-macrophages in LRT for intracellular
Respiratory tract organisms: debilitated or compromised host - correct answer ✔✔- impairment of
glottal/cough reflex (drugs, alcoholism)
- mucociliary elevator (smoking, alcoholism)
- viral infection
- loss of consciousness
answered to pass
Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis - correct answer ✔✔- cerebrospinal fluid analysis (by lumbar puncture)
Meningitis symptoms - correct answer ✔✔- headache
- stiff neck
- neurologic dysfunction: lethargy, confusion
- vomiting
Meningitis damage - correct answer ✔✔- inflammation
- PMNS
- vasogenic edema (leakage of fluid out of capillaries into the brain)
- impaired blood flow
- ischemia (lack of oxygen and blood in parts of the body)
- cell death
Acute bacterial meningitis signs - correct answer ✔✔- elevated leukocytes
predominant/increase in PMN (neutrophils)
- decreased glucose
- elevated protein
Acute bacterial meningitis- newborns/neonates - correct answer ✔✔- Group B streptococci
- E. coli K1
*- Listeria monocytogenes
Acute bacterial meningitis- infants/children up to 24 months - correct answer ✔✔- Streptococcus
pneumoniae
, - Neisseria meningitidis
*- Haemophilus influenzae type b
Acute bacterial meningitis- adults - correct answer ✔✔- Streptococcus pneumoniae
*- Neisseria meningitidis
upper respiratory tract - correct answer ✔✔- ciliated epithelium (everything down to bronchi)
lower respiratory tract - correct answer ✔✔- nonciliated epithelium (bronchoalveoli and alveoli)
Rationale of URT and LRT - correct answer ✔✔- URT can be cleared by the mucociliary escalator but LRT
cannot
Respiratory tract defenses: non-immune host - correct answer ✔✔- physical: mucociliary escalator of
URT
- particle exclusion: small particles <3 μM can make it to LRT
- Epiglottis, larynx and cough reflex (aspiration)
- Chemical: lysozyme (degrades peptidoglycan) and lactoferrin (binds Fe)
- Alveolar macrophages in LRT
- Complement in LRT
Respiratory tract defenses: immune host - correct answer ✔✔- sIgA in URT
- IgG in LRT
- CMI: TH1-macrophages in LRT for intracellular
Respiratory tract organisms: debilitated or compromised host - correct answer ✔✔- impairment of
glottal/cough reflex (drugs, alcoholism)
- mucociliary elevator (smoking, alcoholism)
- viral infection
- loss of consciousness
