Biology 2350 - Midterm 2 Questions & Correct
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functions of hypothalamus - ✔✔- control of the ANS.
- production of hormones
- control of pituitary gland via production of hormones
- regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, eating and drinking, body temperature, and
circadian rhythms.
cerebrum - ✔✔sensory areas of cerebral cortex are involved in perception of sensory
information; motor areas control execution of voluntary movements; association areas deal
with more complex integrative functions such as memory, personality traits, and intelligence;
basal nuclei help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements and
regulate muscle tone; limbic system promotes range of emotions, including pleasure, pain,
docility, affection, fear and anger.
longitudinal fissure - ✔✔separates cerebral hemispheres
gyri - ✔✔a fold of the cerebral cortex of the brain
hemispheric lateralization - ✔✔specialization separation of the hemispheres of the brain;
functional asymmetry of the brain
trigeminal (V) nerve - ✔✔mixed nerve; nuclei in the pons receive sensory impulses for
somatic sensations from the head and face and provide motor impulses that govern chewing
via the trigeminal nerves
beta waves - ✔✔awake and alert
,autonomic sensory neurons - ✔✔input comes from autonomic sensory neurons (monitor
internal environment); some sensations monitored by somatic sensory and special sensory
neurons can influence the ANS (ex. pain can cause dramatic changes in some autonomic
activities)
Interoceptors - ✔✔monitor visceral organs and functions
autonomic motor neurons - ✔✔regulate visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or
decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing activities in their effector tissues (cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, glands)
sympathetic preganglionic neurons - ✔✔have dendrites and cell bodies in the gray matter of
the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord; short axons
sympathetic postganglionic neurons - ✔✔have dendrites and cell bodies in sympathetic
ganglia; long axons; many postsynaptic effectors
parasympathetic preganglionic neurons - ✔✔cell bodies are located in nuclei in the
brainstem or lateral gray columns of the sacral cord; long axons; end in terminal ganglia where
they synapse with postganglionic neurons
parasympathetic postganglionic neurons - ✔✔dendrites and cell bodies are located in
parasympathetic/terminal ganglia, which are embedded in or near autonomic effectors; short
axons; not many effectors
multi-autonomic output - ✔✔both parasympathetic and sympathetic division
chromaffin cells - ✔✔the cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete epinephrine and
norepinephrine
, cholinergic receptors - ✔✔nicotinic and muscarinic; bind ACh
nicotine receptors - ✔✔nicotine and ACh activates (ACh is excitatory); found on both
sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, on skeletal muscles in the motor end
plate, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medullae
sympathetic preganglion neurons synpase with chromatin fibers and release ACh - what
receptor does the chromatic fibers have on their cell surface? - ✔✔nicotine receptors;
excitatory response
adrenergic receptors - ✔✔alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, beta 3
B3 receptors - ✔✔respond most strongly to norepinephrine; only on brown adipose tissue;
activation = thermogenesis
somatic senses - ✔✔general senses - normally consciously perceived; tactile, thermal, pain,
and proprioceptive sensations
tactile senses - ✔✔touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle
proprioception - ✔✔proprioceptive sensations - allow us to recognize that parts of our body
belong to us
proprioceptors - ✔✔monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
mechanoreceptors - ✔✔receptors that allow for detection of tactile sensations - pressure,
vibration, itch and touch; as well as monitor the stretching of internal organs
somatic sensory pathways - ✔✔1. first order neurons
Verified Answers| Already Rated A+
functions of hypothalamus - ✔✔- control of the ANS.
- production of hormones
- control of pituitary gland via production of hormones
- regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, eating and drinking, body temperature, and
circadian rhythms.
cerebrum - ✔✔sensory areas of cerebral cortex are involved in perception of sensory
information; motor areas control execution of voluntary movements; association areas deal
with more complex integrative functions such as memory, personality traits, and intelligence;
basal nuclei help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements and
regulate muscle tone; limbic system promotes range of emotions, including pleasure, pain,
docility, affection, fear and anger.
longitudinal fissure - ✔✔separates cerebral hemispheres
gyri - ✔✔a fold of the cerebral cortex of the brain
hemispheric lateralization - ✔✔specialization separation of the hemispheres of the brain;
functional asymmetry of the brain
trigeminal (V) nerve - ✔✔mixed nerve; nuclei in the pons receive sensory impulses for
somatic sensations from the head and face and provide motor impulses that govern chewing
via the trigeminal nerves
beta waves - ✔✔awake and alert
,autonomic sensory neurons - ✔✔input comes from autonomic sensory neurons (monitor
internal environment); some sensations monitored by somatic sensory and special sensory
neurons can influence the ANS (ex. pain can cause dramatic changes in some autonomic
activities)
Interoceptors - ✔✔monitor visceral organs and functions
autonomic motor neurons - ✔✔regulate visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or
decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing activities in their effector tissues (cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, glands)
sympathetic preganglionic neurons - ✔✔have dendrites and cell bodies in the gray matter of
the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord; short axons
sympathetic postganglionic neurons - ✔✔have dendrites and cell bodies in sympathetic
ganglia; long axons; many postsynaptic effectors
parasympathetic preganglionic neurons - ✔✔cell bodies are located in nuclei in the
brainstem or lateral gray columns of the sacral cord; long axons; end in terminal ganglia where
they synapse with postganglionic neurons
parasympathetic postganglionic neurons - ✔✔dendrites and cell bodies are located in
parasympathetic/terminal ganglia, which are embedded in or near autonomic effectors; short
axons; not many effectors
multi-autonomic output - ✔✔both parasympathetic and sympathetic division
chromaffin cells - ✔✔the cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete epinephrine and
norepinephrine
, cholinergic receptors - ✔✔nicotinic and muscarinic; bind ACh
nicotine receptors - ✔✔nicotine and ACh activates (ACh is excitatory); found on both
sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, on skeletal muscles in the motor end
plate, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medullae
sympathetic preganglion neurons synpase with chromatin fibers and release ACh - what
receptor does the chromatic fibers have on their cell surface? - ✔✔nicotine receptors;
excitatory response
adrenergic receptors - ✔✔alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, beta 3
B3 receptors - ✔✔respond most strongly to norepinephrine; only on brown adipose tissue;
activation = thermogenesis
somatic senses - ✔✔general senses - normally consciously perceived; tactile, thermal, pain,
and proprioceptive sensations
tactile senses - ✔✔touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle
proprioception - ✔✔proprioceptive sensations - allow us to recognize that parts of our body
belong to us
proprioceptors - ✔✔monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
mechanoreceptors - ✔✔receptors that allow for detection of tactile sensations - pressure,
vibration, itch and touch; as well as monitor the stretching of internal organs
somatic sensory pathways - ✔✔1. first order neurons
