TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 3rd EDITION

CHAPTER 1: Orientation to the Human Body Matching Match the name of each organ system to its key components. a. integumentary system b. skeletal system c. muscular system d. lymphatic system e. respiratory system f. urinary system g. nervous system h. endocrine system i. circulatory system j. digestive system k. male reproductive system l. female reproductive system 1. Consists of stomach, small and large intestines, liver, and pancreas 2. Consists of skin, hair, and nails 3. Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra 4. Consists primarily of skeletal muscles 5. Consists of heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries 6. Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs 7. Consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts 8. Consists of pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, and thyroid 9. Consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, and spleen 10. Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs Match each term to its definition. a. distal b. proximal c. medial d. lateral e. superior f. inferior g. anterior h. posterior i. superficial j. deep 11. Toward the back of the body 12. Farthest from the point of origin 13. Above 14. At or near the body’s surface 15. Toward the body’s midline 16. Closest to the point of origin 17. Toward the front of the body 18. Below Match each term to its location on the body. a. frontal b. deltoid c. brachial d. inguinal e. pectoral f. sternal g. digital h. antecubital i. buccal j. cephalic k. lumbar l. calcaneal m. plantar n. pedal o. tarsal p. axillary 19. Arm 20. Lower back 21. Armpit 22. Heel 23. Fingers 24. Shoulder 25. Sole of the foot 26. Forehead 27. Chest Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company Downloaded by: SuperA | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material 28. Front of elbow 29. Foot 30. Cheek 31. Groin 32. Ankle Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 33. Which organ system produces immune cells and has a role in fluid balance? a. Integumentary system b. Circulatory system c. Endocrine system d. Lymphatic system 34. Which organ system protects organs, allows for support and movement, and also plays a key role in blood formation? a. Circulatory system b. Muscular system c. Skeletal system d. Nervous system 35. Which type of tissue covers the body’s surface? a. Epithelial b. Connective c. Muscle d. Nerve 36. Bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue are all types of a. epithelial tissue. b. connective tissue. c. muscle. d. nerve tissue. 37. The type of plane that divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions is called a a. sagittal plane. b. frontal plane. c. transverse plane. d. coronal plane. 38. Most illustrations that show the contents of the abdominal cavity use what type of plane? a. Sagittal Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company b. Transverse c. Horizontal d. Frontal 39. Which of the following correctly describes the anatomical position? a. Standing erect, facing forward, with arms outstretched b. Standing erect with arms at sides, palms facing backward, face and feet facing forward c. Standing erect with arms overhead, face and feet facing forward d. Standing erect with arms at sides and with palms, face, and feet facing forward 40. The dorsal cavity contains the a. thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. b. cranial and spinal cavities. c. mediastinum and pleural cavities. d. abdominal and pelvic cavities. 41. The heart is located in the mediastinum, which is part of what cavity? a. Thoracic cavity b. Dorsal cavity c. Spinal cavity d. Cranial cavity 42. A patient comes to the hospital for treatment of pain in the right hypochondriac region. Based on the organs located in that region, which organ might be causing the pain? a. Stomach b. Small intestines c. Gallbladder d. Appendix Completion Complete each statement. 43. The structure of the body is called ; how it functions is called . 44. The human body is organized from the very to the very . 45. The region proximal to the patellar region and distal to the inguinal region is the region. 46. The region superior to the pubic region and inferior to the abdominal region is the region. 47. The two major body cavities are the and cavities. 48. The constancy of the body’s internal environment is called . 49. feedback is when an effector opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change. Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company 50. During childbirth, the hormone oxytocin is released, which causes even greater contractions and an even greater release of oxytocin. This is an example of feedback. Chapter 1: Orientation to the Human Body Answer Section MATCHING 1. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 6 KEY: REMEMBERING 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 5 KEY: REMEMBERING 3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 5 KEY: REMEMBERING 4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 5 KEY: REMEMBERING 5. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 6 KEY: REMEMBERING 6. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 6 KEY: REMEMBERING 7. ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 6 KEY: REMEMBERING 8. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 6 KEY: REMEMBERING 9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 5 KEY: REMEMBERING 10. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 5 KEY: REMEMBERING 11. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company KEY: REMEMBERING 12. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 KEY: REMEMBERING 13. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 KEY: REMEMBERING 14. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 KEY: REMEMBERING 15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 KEY: REMEMBERING 16. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 KEY: REMEMBERING 17. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 KEY: REMEMBERING 18. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 KEY: REMEMBERING 19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 20. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 21. ANS: P PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 22. ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 23. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company 25. ANS: M PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 26. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 27. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 28. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 29. ANS: N PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 30. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING 32. ANS: O PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 9 KEY: REMEMBERING MULTIPLE CHOICE 33. ANS: D The lymphatic system produces immune cells and has a role in fluid balance. The integumentary system has a role in protection, temperature regulation, water retention, and sensation. The circulatory system distributes oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones, and other electrolytes; it also has a role in fluid and electrolyte balance. The endocrine system produces hormones and regulates other systems. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 5 KEY: REMEMBERING 34. ANS: C The skeletal system protects organs, gives the body support and allows it to move, and also plays a role in the formation of blood cells. The circulatory system distributes oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones, and other electrolytes; it also has a role in fluid and electrolyte balance. The muscular system allows the body to move and produces heat. The nervous system regulates and coordinates other systems, and also has a role in sensation and memory. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 5 KEY: REMEMBERING 35. ANS: A Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces. Connective tissue connects and supports parts of the body. Muscle contracts to produce movement. Nerve tissue generates and transmits impulses to regulate body function. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 4 KEY: REMEMBERING 36. ANS: B Bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue are all types of connective tissue. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 4 KEY: UNDERSTANDING 37. ANS: C A transverse plane divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. A sagittal plane divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides. A frontal plane divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior positions. A coronal plane is another name for a frontal plane. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 8 KEY: REMEMBERING 38. ANS: D Most illustrations that show the contents of the abdominal cavity use a frontal plane. A sagittal plane is used to illustrate the organs of the head or pelvic cavity. A horizontal plane is another name for a transverse plane. A transverse plane is used by computed tomography scanners. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 8 KEY: APPLYING 39. ANS: D The anatomical position involves standing erect with arms at the sides and with face, palms, and feet facing forward. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 7 KEY: REMEMBERING 40. ANS: B The dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities. The other cavities are all contained in the ventral cavity. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 10 KEY: REMEMBERING 41. ANS: A The mediastinum is part of the thoracic cavity. The dorsal cavity is located at the back of the body. The spinal and cranial cavities are part of the dorsal cavity. Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 10 KEY: REMEMBERING 42. ANS: C The gallbladder is located in the right hypochondriac region. The stomach is found in the epigastric region. The small intestines are in the right and left lumbar regions, right and left iliac regions, and hypogastric region. The appendix is in the right iliac region. PTS: 1 DIF: D REF: 11 KEY: ANALYZING COMPLETION 43. ANS: anatomy, physiology PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 3 KEY: REMEMBERING 44. ANS: simple, complex PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 4 KEY: REMEMBERING 45. ANS: femoral PTS: 1 DIF: D REF: 9 KEY: APPLYING 46. ANS: pelvic l PTS: 1 DIF: D REF: 9 KEY: APPLYING 47. ANS: dorsal, ventral ventral, dorsal PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 10 KEY: REMEMBERING 48. ANS: homeostasis PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 12 KEY: REMEMBERING 49. ANS: Negative PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 13 KEY: REMEMBERING 50. ANS: positive PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 13 KEY: APPLYING Powered by TC PDF ( ) CHAPTER 3: Cells Question 1 Which four elements make up more than 96% of the human body? Selected Answer: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Answers: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and iron Carbon, hydrogen, calcium, and oxygen Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and sodium Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Response Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements Feedback: in the human body and account for 96% of its mass. Calcium, iron, and sodium are critically important to the body’s structure and function but combined they make up less than 2% of its mass. Question 2 How do cells obtain energy? Selected Answer: Cells break bonds in ATP molecules. Answers: Energy is made in the liver and released into the blood for the cells to use. Cells break down protein molecules. Energy stored as fat is released into the blood. Cells break bonds in ATP molecules. Response Cells obtain energy by breaking phosphate bonds in the ATP molecule. The Feedback: liver does not release energy into the bloodstream; cells release energy when they need it. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates can all be used for energy production; however, those substances must first be converted to ATP. Question 3 Covalent bonds form when Selected Answer: two atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells. 2.3 out of 2.3 points 2.3 out of 2.3 points 2.3 out of 2.3 points Answers: positively charged hydrogen atoms attract negatively charged atoms. electrostatic forces bring atoms together to form a new molecule. two atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells. a nitrogen atom combines with a carbon atom. Response Covalent bonding occurs when electrons are shared by two atoms so that Feedback: each has a complete outer shell of eight electrons. The attraction of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is an example of hydrogen bonding. Electrostatic forces pull ions together; no electrons are shared. Nitrogen and carbon are involved in peptide bonds. Question 4 Where are protons and neutrons located? Selected Answer: Protons and neutrons both reside in the nucleus. Answers: Protons and neutrons orbit the nucleus in one or more concentric clouds. Protons orbit the nucleus in a cloud, and neutrons reside in the nucleus. Protons and neutrons both reside in the nucleus. Neutrons orbit the nucleus in a cloud, whereas protons reside in the nucleus. Response Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom. Neither Feedback: particle ever orbits the nucleus. Question 5 2.3 out of 2.3 points The basic building block of a protein molecule is Selected Answer: an amino acid. Answers: a carboxyl group. a nitrogen atom. 2.3 out of 2.3 points an amino acid. an R group. Response The basic unit of a protein molecule is an amino acid. The carboxyl group is Feedback: part of a protein’s structure, but amino acids are the differentiating molecule. Nitrogen is essential to an amino acid but only when bonded to hydrogen. “R group” is the term used for the part of the amino acid that distinguishes it from other amino acids. It can be a single atom or a complex molecule. Question 6 What makes atoms electrically neutral? Selected Answer: An equal number of protons and electrons 2.3 out of 2.3 points 2.3 out of 2.3 points Answers: An equal number of protons and electrons The formation of ionic bonds An equal number of electrons and neutrons Neutrons, which neutralize the electrically charged protons and electrons Response Atoms are neutral because the number of negatively charged electrons Feedback: equals the number of positively charged protons. Ionic bonding produces a charged molecule. Neutrons are not charged, so they cannot cancel out electrons or “neutralize” a charge. Question 7 What causes an atom to emit radiation? Selected Answer: Unstable isotopes emit radiation as they decay. Answers: The electron cloud emits small amounts of radiation as the electrons accelerate. 2.3 out of 2.3 points Response Feedback: Unstable isotopes emit radiation as they decay. Atoms emit radiation when covalent bonds break down. Atoms emit radiation when ionic bonds break down. An unstable isotope will seek a more stable state by emitting radiation from its nucleus. Electron clouds do not emit radiation. Breaking chemical bonds releases energy, not radiation. Question 8 An atom is stable when the outer shell contains how many electrons? Selected Answer: Eight Answers: Four Six