psychology 1010 exam 4
attribution - -a decision regarding what caused an outcome or a person's
behavior, motivated by need for predictability and control over environment
- internal (personal) attribution - -attributing cause to something about the
person or the self
- external (situational) attribution - -attributing cause to something external
to the person or the self (such as the situation)
- The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) - -a tendency to focus on internal
(personal) causes and underestimate the impact of situations on people's
behavior
- ex. Guy from presidential speech - screaming
-
• Why? Perceptual Bias - Actor is "figure", situation is "ground"
- cognitive dissonance - -unpleasant psychological state aroused by thinking
about or engaging in behaviors that are discrepant from one's attitudes,
beliefs, and self-image
- Ex. The questions he asked us if we agree or not - obviously we agree, but
we often behave differently and oppositely. We try and make excuses as to
why during OUR circumstance that it is reasonable, but with others, we will
often correct them.
- Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) "peg-turning" study
- Conditions: Paid $1 to lie, Paid $20 to lie, did not lie
- insufficient justification - -FREELY performing a self-concept discrepant
behavior without having any EXTERNAL justification for doing so ??????
- Aronson and Mills (1959) "initiation" study
- No initiation, mild initiation, severe initiation
- Those in severe initiation condition reported most interest in boring group
discussion
- effort justification - -the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for
something they have worked hard to attain
- Milgram's (1963) Obedience Experiment and explanations for experiments
- -Context: Post-WWII, Nuremberg Trials
Participants arrive at Yale
2 people, "randomly" assigned to learner and teacher role (Ps always
teacher)
Learner (supposedly) receives increasingly harsher shocks
attribution - -a decision regarding what caused an outcome or a person's
behavior, motivated by need for predictability and control over environment
- internal (personal) attribution - -attributing cause to something about the
person or the self
- external (situational) attribution - -attributing cause to something external
to the person or the self (such as the situation)
- The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) - -a tendency to focus on internal
(personal) causes and underestimate the impact of situations on people's
behavior
- ex. Guy from presidential speech - screaming
-
• Why? Perceptual Bias - Actor is "figure", situation is "ground"
- cognitive dissonance - -unpleasant psychological state aroused by thinking
about or engaging in behaviors that are discrepant from one's attitudes,
beliefs, and self-image
- Ex. The questions he asked us if we agree or not - obviously we agree, but
we often behave differently and oppositely. We try and make excuses as to
why during OUR circumstance that it is reasonable, but with others, we will
often correct them.
- Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) "peg-turning" study
- Conditions: Paid $1 to lie, Paid $20 to lie, did not lie
- insufficient justification - -FREELY performing a self-concept discrepant
behavior without having any EXTERNAL justification for doing so ??????
- Aronson and Mills (1959) "initiation" study
- No initiation, mild initiation, severe initiation
- Those in severe initiation condition reported most interest in boring group
discussion
- effort justification - -the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for
something they have worked hard to attain
- Milgram's (1963) Obedience Experiment and explanations for experiments
- -Context: Post-WWII, Nuremberg Trials
Participants arrive at Yale
2 people, "randomly" assigned to learner and teacher role (Ps always
teacher)
Learner (supposedly) receives increasingly harsher shocks
