NUTRITION FINAL BIO 319 GCU WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Thiamin defciency - ANSWER-B1
- BeriBeri, four forms; wet, dry, cerebral, and infantile.
- Signs and symptoms: weakness, tingling, and poor coordination.
Riboflavin defciency - ANSWER-B2
- Ariboflavinosis which is associated with general malnutrition.
- Signs and symptoms:
cheliosis (sores of the mouth), Stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth), Glossitis
(inflammation of the tounge), muscle weakness and confustion.
Niacin deficiency - ANSWER-B3
- pellagra
- Signs and symptoms: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death (THE FOUR D's)
Folate deficiency - ANSWER-B9
- Macrocytic hyperchromic anemia
- Neural tube defects
Vitamin B6 deficiency - ANSWER-- Microcytic-hypchromic anemia
- Signs and symptoms: cheilosis, glossitis, stomatis, and fatigue
Vitamin B12 deficiency - ANSWER-Pernicious anemia
Vitamin C deficiency - ANSWER-- Scurvy
- Signs and Symptoms: bleeding gums, skin irritations, bruising and poor wound
healing.
Vitamin D deficiency - ANSWER-o Rickets: childhood condition results in slow growth
and bone deformation
o Osteomalacia: an adult condition caused by vitamin D deficiency whereby bones
become so weak.
o Osteoporosis: deficiency resulting in weak and porous bones
Define intracellular, extracellular and intercellular fluid - ANSWER-o Intracellular fluid:
fluid located inside of a cell
, o Extracellular fluid: fluid located outside of a cell
o Intercellular fluid: extracellular fluid that fills spaces between or surrounding cells.
Describe the hormones (and endocrine gland) influence on blood volume and blood
pressure - ANSWER-o Pituitary gland: secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also known
as vasopressin. ADH decrease the amount of water in the urine. As a result, blood
volume and pressure increase.
o Adrenal Gland: releases aldosterone, which stimulates the kidneys to return sodium to
the blood. Restoring its solute concentration. Decreased sodium excretion decreases
water loss in the urine which restores blood volume and pressure.
Define Fortified and enriched foods and differentiate between the two - ANSWER-o
Enriched: the fortification of a select group of foods with FDA- specified levels of
thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, folate, and iron.
o Fortified: the addition of nutrients to a food during processing.
Describe the common causes of deficiencies of Thiamin and B12 - ANSWER-
Know the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins and those that are
antioxidants - ANSWER-o Antioxidant: a compound that donates electrons or hydrogen
ions to other substances, inhibiting oxidations. Helps fight against free radicals.
o Fat soluble: A,D,E,K. absorb in the small intestine. Eventually circulate in the blood as
components of either lipoproteins or transport proteins.
o Water soluble: dissolve in water and destroyed by heat. Body generally absorbs them
in small intestine/stomach. Overconsumption generally doesn't cause toxicities. Vitamin
B and C.
Know the common feature to all fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER-...1. they are soluble in
fat*
2. stable to heat*
3. no Nitrogen*
4. Absorbed in small intestine (like most food products)*
5. Require bile for absoprtion (bile is required for any fat)*
6. transported via lymphatic system*
7. Stored in liver and other fatty tissues*
8. Toxicity can easily occur- not readily excreted*
Define intracellular, extracellular and intercellular fluid - ANSWER-o Intracellular fluid:
fluid located inside of a cell
o Extracellular fluid: fluid located outside of a cell
o Intercellular fluid: extracellular fluid that fills spaces between or surrounding cells.
Describe the hormones (and endocrine gland) influence on blood volume and blood
pressure - ANSWER-o Pituitary gland: secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also known
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Thiamin defciency - ANSWER-B1
- BeriBeri, four forms; wet, dry, cerebral, and infantile.
- Signs and symptoms: weakness, tingling, and poor coordination.
Riboflavin defciency - ANSWER-B2
- Ariboflavinosis which is associated with general malnutrition.
- Signs and symptoms:
cheliosis (sores of the mouth), Stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth), Glossitis
(inflammation of the tounge), muscle weakness and confustion.
Niacin deficiency - ANSWER-B3
- pellagra
- Signs and symptoms: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death (THE FOUR D's)
Folate deficiency - ANSWER-B9
- Macrocytic hyperchromic anemia
- Neural tube defects
Vitamin B6 deficiency - ANSWER-- Microcytic-hypchromic anemia
- Signs and symptoms: cheilosis, glossitis, stomatis, and fatigue
Vitamin B12 deficiency - ANSWER-Pernicious anemia
Vitamin C deficiency - ANSWER-- Scurvy
- Signs and Symptoms: bleeding gums, skin irritations, bruising and poor wound
healing.
Vitamin D deficiency - ANSWER-o Rickets: childhood condition results in slow growth
and bone deformation
o Osteomalacia: an adult condition caused by vitamin D deficiency whereby bones
become so weak.
o Osteoporosis: deficiency resulting in weak and porous bones
Define intracellular, extracellular and intercellular fluid - ANSWER-o Intracellular fluid:
fluid located inside of a cell
, o Extracellular fluid: fluid located outside of a cell
o Intercellular fluid: extracellular fluid that fills spaces between or surrounding cells.
Describe the hormones (and endocrine gland) influence on blood volume and blood
pressure - ANSWER-o Pituitary gland: secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also known
as vasopressin. ADH decrease the amount of water in the urine. As a result, blood
volume and pressure increase.
o Adrenal Gland: releases aldosterone, which stimulates the kidneys to return sodium to
the blood. Restoring its solute concentration. Decreased sodium excretion decreases
water loss in the urine which restores blood volume and pressure.
Define Fortified and enriched foods and differentiate between the two - ANSWER-o
Enriched: the fortification of a select group of foods with FDA- specified levels of
thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, folate, and iron.
o Fortified: the addition of nutrients to a food during processing.
Describe the common causes of deficiencies of Thiamin and B12 - ANSWER-
Know the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins and those that are
antioxidants - ANSWER-o Antioxidant: a compound that donates electrons or hydrogen
ions to other substances, inhibiting oxidations. Helps fight against free radicals.
o Fat soluble: A,D,E,K. absorb in the small intestine. Eventually circulate in the blood as
components of either lipoproteins or transport proteins.
o Water soluble: dissolve in water and destroyed by heat. Body generally absorbs them
in small intestine/stomach. Overconsumption generally doesn't cause toxicities. Vitamin
B and C.
Know the common feature to all fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER-...1. they are soluble in
fat*
2. stable to heat*
3. no Nitrogen*
4. Absorbed in small intestine (like most food products)*
5. Require bile for absoprtion (bile is required for any fat)*
6. transported via lymphatic system*
7. Stored in liver and other fatty tissues*
8. Toxicity can easily occur- not readily excreted*
Define intracellular, extracellular and intercellular fluid - ANSWER-o Intracellular fluid:
fluid located inside of a cell
o Extracellular fluid: fluid located outside of a cell
o Intercellular fluid: extracellular fluid that fills spaces between or surrounding cells.
Describe the hormones (and endocrine gland) influence on blood volume and blood
pressure - ANSWER-o Pituitary gland: secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also known
