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SOLUTION MANUAL FOR -CANADIAN INCOME TAXATION 25th EDITION BY WILLIAM BUCKWOLD, JOAN KITUNEN, MATHEW ROMAN/ COMPLETE 'ULTIMATE GUIDE A+

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SOLUTION MANUAL FOR -CANADIAN INCOME TAXATION 25th EDITION BY WILLIAM BUCKWOLD, JOAN KITUNEN, MATHEW ROMAN/ COMPLETE 'ULTIMATE GUIDE A+

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SOLUTION MANUAL





Canadian Income Taxation 26th Edition
’ ’ ’ ’




by William Buckwold, All Chapters 1 - 23
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’

,TABLE OF CONTENTS
’ ’



Chapter1’Taxation-Its’Role’in’Decision’Making

Chapter2’Fundamentals’of’Tax’Planning

Chapter’3’Liability’for’Tax,’Income’Determination,’and’Administration’of’the’Income’Tax’System

Chapter’4’Income’from’Employment

Chapter’5’Income’from’Business

Chapter’6’The’Acquisition,’Use,’and’Disposal’of’Depreciable’Property

Chapter7’Income’from’Property

Chapter8’Gains’and’Losses’on’the’Disposition’of’Capital’Property-Capital’Gains

Chapter’9’Other’Income,’Other’Deductions,’and’Special’Rules’for’Completing’Net’Income’for’Tax’Purposes

Chapter’10’Individuals:’Determination’of’Taxable’Income’and’Taxes’Payable

Chapter’11’Corporations-An’Introduction

Chapter’12’Organization,’Capital’Structures,’and’Income’Distributions’of’Corporations

Chapter’13’The’Canadian-Controlled’Private’Corporation

Chapter’14’Multiple’Corporations’and’Their’Reorganization

Chapter’15’Partnerships

Chapter’16’Limited’Partnerships’and’Joint’Ventures

Chapter’17’Trusts

Chapter’18’Business’Acquisitions’and’Divestitures-Assets’versus’Shares

Chapter’19’Business’Acquisitions’and’Divestitures-Tax-Deferred’Sales

Chapter’20’Domestic’and’International’Business’Expansion

Chapter’21’Tax’Aspects’of’Corporate’Financing

Chapter’22’Introduction’to’GST/HST

Chapter’23’Business’Valuations

, CHAPTER’1

TAXATION―’ITS’ROLE’IN’BUSINESS’DECISION’MAKING

Review’Questions

1. If’income’tax’is’imposed’after’profits’have’been’determined,’why’is’taxation’relevant’to’business’de
cision’making?

2. Most’business’decisions’involve’the’evaluation’of’alternative’courses’of’action.’For’example,’a’mar
keting’manager’may’be’responsible’for’choosing’a’strategy’for’establishing’sales’in’new’geographi
cal’territories.’Briefly’explain’how’the’tax’factor’can’be’an’integral’part’of’this’decision.

3. What’are’the’fundamental’variables’of’the’income’tax’system’that’decision-
makers’should’be’familiar’with’so’that’they’can’apply’tax’issues’to’their’areas’of’responsibility?

4. What’is’an’―after-tax‖’approach’to’decision’making?

Solutions’to’Review’Questions

R1-
1’Once’profit’is’determined,’the’Income’Tax’Act’determines’the’amount’of’income’tax’that’results.’H
owever,’at’all’levels’of’management,’alternative’courses’of’action’are’evaluated.’In’many’cases,’the’c
hoice’of’one’alternative’over’the’other’may’affect’both’the’amount’and’the’timing’of’future’taxes’on’i
ncome’generated’from’that’activity.’Therefore,’the’person’making’those’decisions’has’a’direct’input’i
nto’future’after-
tax’cash’ flow.’Obviously,’decisions’that’reduce’or’postpone’the’payment’of’tax’affect’the’ultimate’re
turn’on’investment’and,’in’turn,’the’value’of’the’enterprise.’Including’the’tax’variable’as’a’part’of’the’
formal’decision’process’will’ultimately’lead’to’improved’after-tax’cash’flow.

R1-
2’Expansion’can’be’achieved’in’new’geographic’areas’through’direct’selling,’or’by’establishing’a’for
mal’presence’in’the’new’territory’with’a’branch’office’or’a’separate’corporation.’The’new’territories’
may’also’cross’provincial’or’international’boundaries.’Provincial’income’tax’rates’vary’amongst’the’
provinces.’The’amount’of’income’that’is’subject’to’tax’in’the’new’province’will’be’different’for’each’
of’the’three’alternatives’mentioned’above.’For’example,’with’direct’selling,’none’of’the’income’is’tax
ed’in’the’new’province,’but’with’a’separate’corporation,’all’of’the’income’is’taxed’in’the’new’provinc
e.’Because’the’tax’cost’is’different’in’each’case,’taxation’is’a’relevant’part’of’the’decision’and’must’be
’included’in’any’cost-benefit’analysis’that’compares’the’three’alternatives’[Reg.’400-402.1].


R1-
3’A’basic’understanding’of’the’following’variables’will’significantly’strengthen’a’decision’maker's’a
bility’to’apply’tax’issues’to’their’area’of’responsibility.

Types’of’Income - Employment,’Business,’Property,’Capital’gains

Taxable’Entities - Individuals,’Corporations,’Trusts

Alternative’Business - Corporation,’Proprietorship,’Partnership,’Limited

, Structures partnership,’Joint’arrangement,’Income’trust

Tax’Jurisdictions - Federal,’Provincial,’Foreign

R1-
4’All’cash’flow’decisions,’whether’related’to’revenues,’expenses,’asset’acquisitions’or’divestitures,’o
r’debt’and’equity’restructuring,’will’impact’the’amount’and’timing’of’the’tax’cost.’ Therefore,’ cash’ fl
ow’ exists’ only’ on’ an’ after’ tax’ basis,’ and,’ the’ tax’ impacts’ whether’or’not’the’ultimate’result’of’the’de
cision’is’successful.’An’after-tax’approach’to’decision-making’requires’each’decision-
maker’to’think’"after-
tax"‘for’every’decision’at’the’time’the’decision’is’being’made,’and,’to’consider’alternative’courses’of’
action’to’minimize’the’tax’cost,’in’the’same’way’that’decisions’are’made’regarding’other’types’of’cost
s.

Failure’ to’ apply’ an’ after-
tax’ approach’ at’ the’ time’ that’ decisions’ are’ made’ may’ provide’inaccurate’information’for’evaluation,’and,’res
ult’in’a’permanently’inefficient’tax’structure.




CHAPTER’2

FUNDAMENTALS’OF’TAX’PLANNING

Review’Questions

1. ―Tax’planning’and’tax’avoidance’mean’the’same’thing.‖’Is’this’statement’true?’Explain.

2. What’distinguishes’tax’evasion’from’tax’avoidance’and’tax’planning?

3. Does’Canada’Revenue’Agency’deal’with’all’tax’avoidance’activities’in’the’same’way?’Explain.

4. The’purpose’of’tax’planning’is’to’reduce’or’defer’the’tax’costs’associated’with’financial’transactions
.’What’are’the’general’types’of’tax’planning’activities?’Briefly’explain’how’each’of’them’may’reduc
e’or’defer’the’tax’cost.

5. ―It’is’always’better’to’pay’tax’later’rather’than’sooner.‖’Is’this’statement’true?’Explain.

6. When’corporate’tax’rates’are’13%’and’tax’rates’for’individuals’are’40%,’is’it’always’better’for’the’in
dividual’to’transfer’their’business’to’a’corporation?

7. ―As’long’as’all’of’the’income’tax’rules’are’known,’a’tax’plan’can’be’developed’with’certainty.‖’Is’t
his’statement’true?’Explain.

8. What’basic’skills’are’required’to’develop’a’good’tax’plan?
9. An’entrepreneur’is’developing’a’new’business’venture’and’is’planning’to’raise’equity’capital’from’i
ndividual’investors.’Their’adviser’indicates’that’the’venture’could’be’structured’as’a’corporation’(i.
e.,’shares’are’issued’to’the’investors)’or’as’a’limited’partnership’ (i.e.,’ partnership’ units’ are’ sold).’ B
oth’ structures’ provide’ limited’ liability’ for’the’investors.’Should’the’entrepreneur’consider’the’tax’p
ositions’of’the’individual’investors?’Explain.’Without’dealing’with’specific’tax’rules,’what’general’

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