PHARM HESI V1 315 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS100%CORRECT VERIFIED BEST SOLUTION RATEDA+

PHARM HESI V1 315 EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERSLATEST UPDATED 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS100%CORRECT VERIFIED BEST SOLUTION RATEDA+The nursing instructor is discussing the physiology of pregnancy with her clinical group. What hormone, produced during pregnancy, would the instructor tell the students helpstomaintain the pregnancy until birth of the fetus? A)High levels of estrogen only B)High levels of estrogen, low levels of progesterone C)Low levels of estrogen, high levels of progesterone D)High levels of estrogen and progesterone - CORRECT ANSWERS D Feedback: In a pregnant woman, both estrogen and progesterone hormones have specific functions. High levels of both hormones are needed for the maintenance of pregnancy. The nursing instructor is talking with her class of students about the female reproductivesystem. A student is trying to understand the role of progesterone in the body. What nonreproductive affect does progesterone have on the body? A)Decreased body temperature B)Decreased appetite C)Anti-insulinD)Increased uterinemotility - CORRECT ANSWERS C Feedback: Progesterone has an anti-insulin effect to generate a higher blood glucose concentrationtoallow for rapid diffusion of glucose to the developing embryo. Body temperature andappetiteare increased by progesterone. Uterine motility is decreased to provide increased chancethat implantation can occur. What hormone causes ovulation to occur? A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B)Luteinizing hormone (LH) ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2025 ALL THEBESTONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2 DONOTCOPYC)Prolactin D)Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - CORRECT ANSWERS B Feedback: When the circulating estrogen level rises high enough, it stimulates a massive releaseof LHfrom the anterior pituitary causing one of the developing follicles to burst and releasetheovum with its stored hormones into the system. ACTH targets the adrenal corticosteroidhormone, which helps prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response. Prolactin is responsible for milk production and FSH in combination with LH stimulate follicles ontheouter surface of the uterus to grow and develop and also stimulates the release of estrogenand progesterone. A 16-year-old girl comes to the clinic complaining of severe menstrual cramps. The girl isconcerned about the pain and worried that "something is wrong." The nurse explains tothepatient that she has cramping during her menstrual period because of what? A)An increase in the levels of estrogen and progesterone, which cause uterine contractionsB)Low levels of plasminogen in the uterus that cause the shedding of the lining of theuterusC)Prostaglandins in the uterus, which stimulate uterine contractions to clamp off vesselsasthe lining of her uterus sheds D)An increase in progesterone and a decrease of estrogen cause the lining of the uterustoslough away - CORRECT ANSWERS C Feedback: Prostaglandins in the uterus stimulate uterine contractions to clamp off vessels in theliningof the uterus, which is the cause of the cramping. The decrease of estrogen and progesterone after the involution of the corpus luteum triggers the release of follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The decreased levels of FSHandLH cause the inner lining of the uterus to slough off because the vascular systemis nolonger being stimulated. High, not low, levels of plasminogen in the uterus prevent clottingof the lining as the vessels shear off. ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2025 ALL THEBESTONLYSTUDENTS STORE 3 DONOTCOPYWhat hormone stimulates the release of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) frombothmale and female glands? A)Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) B)Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) C)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) D)Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) - CORRECT ANSWERS c The male and female glands respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH, which arereleased from the anterior pituitary in response to stimulation from GnRH that is releasedfrom the hypothalamus. GHRH stimulates the release of the growth hormone, whichtargetscell growth. TRH stimulates the thyroid-stimulating hormone, which targets the thyroidgland. PRH stimulates the release of prolactin, which is necessary for milk production. A nurse is providing patient education to a patient as part of her work in a fertility clinic. Thenurse explains possible reasons for infertility. When explaining how the ovaries are involvedin conception, what will the nurse stress? A)Ova quickly degenerate and most are absorbed in the body before the age of 12. B)The ovaries at birth contain all of the ova that a woman will have. C)Ova aggregate, causing millions to be contained in a storage site called a follicle. D)Follicles produce only estrogen; the uterus produces progesterone. - CORRECTANSWERS b It would be important to explain that the woman's ova do not increase or decrease frombirthto childbearing years. The nurse will stress that all the ova that a woman will have will bepresent at birth. The patient should understand that if she does not ovulate 1 month or for several months, it is not because she has done something to her body to cause this. Ovaslowly degenerate over a lifetime or they are released once a month until menopauseiscomplete. Each ovum is contained in a storage site called a follicle, which produces thefemale sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2025 ALL THEBESTONLYSTUDENTS STORE 4 DONOTCOPYWhat drug would the nurse expect to administer if beta-specific adrenergic agonist effectsare desired to prevent bronchospasm during anesthesia? A)Dobutamine (Dobutrex) B)Ephedrine (generic) C)Isoproterenol (Isuprel) D)Phenylephrine(Neo-Synephrine) - CORRECT ANSWERS C Isoproterenol is a beta-specific adrenergic agonist used to prevent bronchospasmduringanesthesia. Phenylephrine is an alpha-specific adrenergic agonist. Both dobutamineandephedrine are alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists. The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for four patients. Which patient should beadvisedby the nurse that over-the-counter cold and allergy preparations contain phenylephrineandshould be avoided? A)A 47-year-old woman with hypertensionB)A 52-year-old man with adult onset diabetesC)A 17-year-old girl with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection D)A 62-year-old man with gout - CORRECT ANSWERS A Feedback: Phenylephrine, a potent vasoconstrictor and alpha1-agonist with little or no effect ontheheart or bronchi, is used in many combination cold and allergy products. Patients withhypertension should avoid these drugs because serious increases in blood pressurecouldoccur. Use of this drug in patients with diabetes and gout are not contraindicated. Anupper respiratory infection may be an indication for the drug. The nurse is writing a plan of care for a patient receiving an alpha-specific adrenergic agonist. What should this plan of care include? A)Monitoring the patient for diarrhea B)Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate every 2 to 4 hours C)Assessing skin turgor for dehydration D)Assessing for fatigue and lethargy - CORRECTANSWERS B ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2025 ALL THEBESTONLYSTUDENTS STORE 5 DONOTCOPYSympathetic stimulation will cause hypertension and increased heart rate so it is important these be monitored. Sympathetic stimulation will also result in increased sweating, decreased gastrointestinal activity, and a sense of anxiety and heightened awareness. Diarrhea, dehydration, fatigue, and lethargy would not be expected. A nurse receives an order for clonidine (Catapres) for a 25-year-old pregnant woman. What is the nurse's priority action? A)Weigh the patient to obtain correct dose/kg/day. B)Have a second nurse check the dose before administering the drug. C)Consult with the physician about the order. D)Make sure the patient is wearing a fetal monitor. - CORRECT ANSWERS Ans:CFeedback: The nurse would consult with the physician to ensure awareness of the pregnancy anddesire to administer this drug. There are no adequate studies about use during pregnancyand lactation, so use should be reserved for situations in which the benefit to the mother outweighs any potential risk to the fetus or neonate. The nurse should question the prescriber regarding this order. It would not be necessary to implement the other options. The nursing students are studying sympathomimetic drugs. How do these drugs act onthebody? A)Stimulate beta receptors and block alpha- receptors B)Stimulate alpha-receptors and block beta- receptors C)Block adrenergic receptorsD)Stimulate both alpha and beta-receptors - CORRECTANSWERS Ans:D Drugs that are generally sympathomimetic are called alpha-agonists (stimulate alphareceptors) and beta-agonists (stimulate beta- receptors). These agonists stimulate all of theadrenergic receptors; that is they affect both alpha and beta-receptors. How does ephedrine act on the body? ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2025 ALL THEBESTONLYSTUDENTS STORE 6 DONOTCOPYA)Stimulates the release of norepinephrine B)Acts indirectly on beta-adrenergic receptor sites C)Stimulates the release of d