NUR 301 exam with correct answers

NUR 301 exam with correct answersAtrophy - Correct Answer - cell size shrinks (skeletal muscle, heart, brain, sex organs -usually causedbydecrease in hormone stimulation) Disuse Denervation Decrease hormones Malnutrition Decrease blood flow Serous: - Correct Answer - watery fluid with few plasma proteins and leukocytes Burns and blisters Mucinous: - Correct Answer - increased secretion from mucous membranes Allergies Fibrinous: - Correct Answer - usually in cavities and lead to adhesions like in lung or bowel Purulent: - Correct Answer - also pus has an increased number of neutrophils and dead bacteria. Canbewalled off as abscess Serosanguinous: - Correct Answer - pale pink (blood) mixed with serous (watery) ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2025 ALL THE BEST ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2 DO NOT COPY Two types of chemotatic factors released by mast that are released early in the inflammatory process - Correct Answer - Neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCT) Gets released at the site of inflammation to call the neutrophil to help fight the infection or invader Eosinophilic chemotactic factor hypertrophy - Correct Answer - cell size increases (heart and kidneys) Increase to meet the demand (muscle is experiencing increased workload) Hypertension and the uterus are good examples hyperplasia - Correct Answer - increase in number of cells (liver regeneration or prostate) Often associated with hypertension Response to injury or cell death Pregnant More susceptible to cancer due to the increase number of cell (transform into malignant) Metaplasia - Correct Answer - conversion to a simpler type of cell Usually caused by stress Smoking inhibits columnar cells to absorb the mucus ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2025 ALL THE BEST ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 3 DO NOT COPY Reversible if stressor is removed dysplasia - Correct Answer - deranged cell growth Precursor to malignancy Hypoxia - Correct Answer - Caused by: decrease O2 in the air, decreased RBC/hemoglobin, respiratoryor cardiac disease, cells can not use ATP due to bacterial toxins, and decrease blood supply (ischemia) Loss of Na+/K+ pump Without ATP K+ leaves the cell and Na+ moves into the cell Water follows Na+ thus causing the cell to swell Increase membrane permeability but decrease in protein synthesis Substances that are manifestations on cellular injury - Correct Answer - Water is the most common, andit builds up Decreases ATP, meaning that the Na/K pump failed Vacuoles form due to increase water content in the cell and it spreads out making the cells less efficient Infiltrates Systemic manifestations ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 2025 ALL THE BEST ONLYSTUDENTS STORE 4 DO NOT COPY necrosis - Correct Answer - local cell death past the point of no return in cell injury Coagulating - Correct Answer - most common, and is due to decrease blood supply Ex: kidney and heart due to decrease blood supply Cause ischemia Hypoxic injury Tissue firn and swollen like cooked egg whites Liquefaction necrosis - Correct Answer - Cells are digested by own digestive enzymes When the cell dies it releases an enzyme that digests the tissue Tissues softens and liquefies Usually walled off by normal tissue as in an abscess Bacterial infections Decreased O2 delivery to the brain cells therefore enzymes are released and the healthy walls off causing abscess which can cause infection