ATI
NAGELHOUTEXAM2TEST2024/25Comprehensiv
e questions verified answers/accurate
solutions| Getit 100% correct!! Already graded
A+
What is one side effect of droperidol? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Extrapyramidal effects
In what population is droperidol contraindicated in
and why? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Parkinsons patients because of
their already low levels of dopamine
(and droperidol would further block dopamine sites)
What is the only benzodiazepine that does not cause
pain on injection? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Versed (midazolam)
What drug is a specific benzodiazepine antagonist? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Flumazenil
At what receptor does flumazenil work? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Binds to GABA but instead
of acting as a mimetic, it blocks action or acts as a
GABA-lytic
,What is one possible outcome with flumazenil use? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>In chronic
benzo patients, can cause seizures with reversal
What is the major advantage of etomidate use? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Its minimal effects
on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
All the IV induction agents except ketamine cause
what changes to an EEG? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Cause slowing to burst suppression
The introduction of what drug in 1934 marked the
advent of modern IV anesthesia? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Thiopental
What type of drug should the patient in shock
receive? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Should
receive the drug that will produce a rapid onset of
effect without causing further
hemodynamic compromise.
Explain the NMDA receptors. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>NMDA receptors are excitatory
receptors that are activated by the main stimulatory
amino acid (agonist) in the brain -
glutamate.
,What effect does ketamine have on NMDA receptors?
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Inhibits
these excitatory receptors or, in other words, is a
NMDA antagonist
What class of drug is ketamine? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Phencyclidine derivative - class of
drug whose origin is psychotropic/analog to LSD
How can emergence from ketamine be described? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Unpredictable
Describe the amnesia that ketamine produces. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Ketamine produces
a dissociative type of anesthesia by blocking
"associated" parts of the brain from
communicating on their own.
True or false: Ketamine has an extremely large
margin of safety. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>TRUE
In what ways can ketamine be administered? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>IV, IM, nasally and
orally. Pretty much all ways.
What is the induction dose of ketamine, and how
long does this last? -
, ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>0.5-2mg/kg IV or 4-6mg/kg IM or 6-
8mg/kg PO; induction doses last
approx. 20-30 minutes
What is one possible side effect of ketamine found
upon emergence? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Emergence
delirium/nightmares/hallucinations
How can emergence delirium be minimized? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Administer
benzodiazepine if possible
Why is ketamine not recommended for longer
surgeries? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Ketamine
increases salivation and respiratory secretions
What does ketamine do to airway muscle tone, and
how can we apply this clinically? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Ketamine increases airway muscle
tone which can be clinically
relevant with patients that have goiters/airway
obstruction/traumatic injuries.
In what patients should caution be taken in ketamine
administration? -
NAGELHOUTEXAM2TEST2024/25Comprehensiv
e questions verified answers/accurate
solutions| Getit 100% correct!! Already graded
A+
What is one side effect of droperidol? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Extrapyramidal effects
In what population is droperidol contraindicated in
and why? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Parkinsons patients because of
their already low levels of dopamine
(and droperidol would further block dopamine sites)
What is the only benzodiazepine that does not cause
pain on injection? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Versed (midazolam)
What drug is a specific benzodiazepine antagonist? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Flumazenil
At what receptor does flumazenil work? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Binds to GABA but instead
of acting as a mimetic, it blocks action or acts as a
GABA-lytic
,What is one possible outcome with flumazenil use? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>In chronic
benzo patients, can cause seizures with reversal
What is the major advantage of etomidate use? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Its minimal effects
on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
All the IV induction agents except ketamine cause
what changes to an EEG? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Cause slowing to burst suppression
The introduction of what drug in 1934 marked the
advent of modern IV anesthesia? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Thiopental
What type of drug should the patient in shock
receive? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Should
receive the drug that will produce a rapid onset of
effect without causing further
hemodynamic compromise.
Explain the NMDA receptors. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>NMDA receptors are excitatory
receptors that are activated by the main stimulatory
amino acid (agonist) in the brain -
glutamate.
,What effect does ketamine have on NMDA receptors?
- ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Inhibits
these excitatory receptors or, in other words, is a
NMDA antagonist
What class of drug is ketamine? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Phencyclidine derivative - class of
drug whose origin is psychotropic/analog to LSD
How can emergence from ketamine be described? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Unpredictable
Describe the amnesia that ketamine produces. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Ketamine produces
a dissociative type of anesthesia by blocking
"associated" parts of the brain from
communicating on their own.
True or false: Ketamine has an extremely large
margin of safety. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>TRUE
In what ways can ketamine be administered? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>IV, IM, nasally and
orally. Pretty much all ways.
What is the induction dose of ketamine, and how
long does this last? -
, ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>0.5-2mg/kg IV or 4-6mg/kg IM or 6-
8mg/kg PO; induction doses last
approx. 20-30 minutes
What is one possible side effect of ketamine found
upon emergence? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Emergence
delirium/nightmares/hallucinations
How can emergence delirium be minimized? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Administer
benzodiazepine if possible
Why is ketamine not recommended for longer
surgeries? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Ketamine
increases salivation and respiratory secretions
What does ketamine do to airway muscle tone, and
how can we apply this clinically? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Ketamine increases airway muscle
tone which can be clinically
relevant with patients that have goiters/airway
obstruction/traumatic injuries.
In what patients should caution be taken in ketamine
administration? -
