Pathology finals exam questions

PATHOLOGYzBOARDzEXAMINATION

Instructions:zChoosezthezbestzanswer.

1. Az50-
yearzoldzmanzhaszbloodzpressurezofz150/90zmmzHg.zIfzthiszpersonzremainszuntreatedzforzyears,z
whichzofzthezfollowingzcellularzalterationszwillzbezseenzinzthezmyocardium?
A. atrophy
B. metaplasia
C. hypertrophy
D. dysplasiaz
Answer:z C
Reference:zRPBDz7thz p.7

2. Onzdayz28zofzherzmenstrualzcycle,zaz26-
yearzoldzwomanzexperienceszmenstrualzbleedingzwhichzlastszforz5zdays.zShezhaszhadzregula
rzcycleszforzmanyzyears.zWhichzofzthezfollowingzprocessesziszmostzlikelyzoccurringzinzthezend
ometriumzjustzbeforezonsetzofzbleeding?
A. apoptosis
B. heterophagocytosis
C. liquefactiveznecrosis
D. hyperplasiaz
Answer:z A
Reference:zRPBDz7thz p.26-27

3. Atzautopsy,zaz60-
yearzoldzmanzhaszanzenlargedz(2500zg)zliverzwithzyellowzcutzsurface.zBeforezdeath,zhisztotalzseru
mzcholesterolzandztriglyceridezlevelszwereznormal,zbutzhezhadzdecreasedzserumzalbuminzconce
ntrationzandzprolongedzprothrombinztime.zWhichzofzthezfollowingzactivitieszmostzlikelyzleadztozt
hesezfindings?
A. playingzgolf
B. cigarettezsmoking
C. drinkingzgin
D. aspirinzingestionz
Answer:zC
Reference:zRPBDz7thzp.35-36

4. Az70-
yearzoldzwomanzsuddenlyzlostzconsciousnesszandzonzawakeningzonezhourzlater,zshezcouldzno
tzspeakznorzmovezherzrightzarmzandzleg.zTwozmonthszlater,zazheadzMRIzshowedzazlargezcysticz
areazinzthezleftzparietalzlobe.zWhichzofzthezfollowingzpathologiczprocesseszhaszmostzlikelyzocc
urredzinzthezbrain?
A. karyolysis
B. fatznecrosis
C. apoptosis
D. liquefactiveznecrosisz
Answer:zD
Reference:zRPBDz7thzp.22

6. Az21-
yearzoldzwomanzcomplainszofzpainzduringzmensesz(dysmenorrhea).zToztreatzthiszsympto
m,zshezwaszadvisedztoztakezindomethacin.zThiszdrugzmayzhelpzreducezherzpainzbecausezi
tzinterfereszwithzthezproductionzofzwhichzonezofzthezfollowingzsubstances?
A. bradykinin
B. histamine
C. leukotrienes
D. estrogenz
Answer:z A
Reference:zRPBDz7thzp.65

7. Whatztypezofzleukocytezactivelyzparticipateszinzacutezinflammatoryzprocesseszandzcontainszm
yeloperoxidasezwithinzitszprimaryz(azurophilic)zgranuleszandzalkalinezphosphateszinzitszsecon
daryz(specific)zgranules?
A. lymphocytes
B. neutrophils

,Reference:zRPBDz7thzp.73

,8. Az3-
yearzoldzchildztoucheszazlitzcandle.zWithinzseveralzhours,zthereziszmarkedzerythemazofzthezskinzof
zthe zfingersz onz the z child’szleftz hand,z andz smallz blistersz appear z onz the zfingerz pads. z Whichz ofz the zf

ollowingztermszbestzdescribezthezprocess?
A. fibrinouszinflammation
B. ulceration
C. abscesszformation
D. serouszinflammationz
Answer:zD
Reference:zRPBDz7thzp.76

9. Azwomanzwhoziszallergicztozcatszvisitszazfriendzwhozkeepszseveralzpetzcats.zDuringzthezvisit,zshez
inhaleszcatzdanderzandzwithinzminutes,zshezdevelopsznasalzcongestionzandzabundantznasalzsec
retions.zWhichzofzthezfollowingzsubstancesziszmostzlikelyztozproducezthesezfindings?
A. tumorznecrosiszfactor
B. bradykinin
C. histamine
D. complementzC5az
Answer:zC
Reference:zRPBDz7thz p.63

10. Afterzreceivingzincompatiblezblood,zazpatientzdevelopszaztransfusionzreactionzinzthezformzofzba
ckzpain,zfever,zshortnesszofzbreathzandzhematuria.zWhichzofzthezfollowingzstatementszbestzcl
assifieszthisztypezofzimmunologiczreaction?
A. systemiczanaphylacticzreaction
B. complement-mediatedzcytotoxicityzreaction
C. systemiczimmunezcomplexzreaction
D. delayedztypezhypersensitivityzreactionz
Answer:zB
Reference:zRPBDz7thz p.210

12. Azpatientzpresentszwithzazlargezwoundzonzthezleftzlegzaszazresultzofzazvehicularzaccident.zIni
tiallyzhiszwoundziszfilledzwithzgranulationztissue,zwhichziszcomposedzofzproliferatingzfibrobl
astszandznewzbloodzvesselsz(angiogenesis).zWhichzofzthezfollowingziszazgrowthzfactorzthatz
iszcapablezofzinducingzallzthezstepsznecessaryzforzangiogenesis?
A. vascularzendothelialzgrowthzfactor
B. platelet-derivedzgrowthzfactor
C. epidermalzgrowthzfactor
D. transformingzgrowthzfactorz
Answer:zA
Reference:zRPBDz7thz p.95

13. Az16-
yearzoldzpatientzhaszlacerationszonzhiszhandzwhichzrequiredzsutures.zThezsutureszwerezre
movedzafterz10zdays.zWoundzhealingzcontinuedzbutzthezsitezwaszdisfiguredzbyzazprominent
,zraisedznodularzscarzwhichzdevelopedzoverztheznextz2zmonths.zWhichzofzthezfollowingzter
mszbestzdescribeszthezprocesszthatzoccurredzwithinzthisz2-monthzperiod?
A. organization
B. resolution
C. keloidzformation
D. dehiscencez
Answer:z C
Reference:zRPBDz7thzp.114

14. Az17-
yearzoldzwomanzreceivingzcorticosteroidztherapyzforzanzautoimmunezdiseasezhaszanzabscessz
onzherzupperzouterzleftzarm.zShezundergoeszazdrainagezprocedurezbutzthezwoundzhealszpoorly
z overz thez nextz month. z Whichz ofz the zfollowing zaspects z of z wound z healing zisz mostzlikelyz toz bez defi

cientzinzthiszpatient?
A. neutrophilzinfiltration
B. collagenzdeposition
C. re-epithelialization
D. fibroblastzelaborationz
Answer:zB
Reference:zRPBDz7thzp.114

, B. decreasedzplasmazoncoticzpressure
C. acutezlymphaticzobstruction