DEVELOPMENTAL BIO 351 EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Commitment - ANSWER The developmental state of a cell has been limited,
albeit not being explicitly demonstrated.
The first level of commitment: specification-ANSWER (reversible)
In a neutral environment, cells can undergo differentiation.
conclusion—ANSWER, the second, last stage of dedication
Regardless of the environment, it will become a determined cell type.
Differentiation is the process by which dedicated progenitors become
specialized cell types.
Which two categories of specifications are there? The autonomous specification
for ANSWER
conditional description
Autonomous specification: ANSWER cells determine their destiny based on
information from parent cells without the need for outside cues.
Example: It is possible to extract the progenitor trochoblast cells from snail
Patella and place them in a plate.
• At the appropriate developmental stage, they will divide, differentiate, and
produce cilia.
Conditional specification: ANSWER cells depend on external variables and cell
interactions to determine their fate.
can be physical surroundings, cell-to-cell interaction, or signals.
,For instance, when cells are moved from the back tissue to the belly, the back
cells express as the belly cells.
Which developmental milestones should be taken in what order?
Answer 1: Differentiation, specificity, and determination. description
2. Determination
3. Distinction
What stage are embryonic stem cells found at? The Blastula stage in ANSWER
What are stem cells? ANSWER: An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular
organism that can develop into specific other cell types and produce an endless
number of cells of the same type.
What are stem cells' two primary traits? ANSWER 1. Undifferentiated or
unspecialized cells that have the capacity to differentiate into one or more
specialized cells
2. Appropriate for long-term self-renewal (symmetrical or asymmetrical
division)
What are potential and potency? ANSWER A stem cell's capacity to
differentiate into several cell types.
ANSWER Asymmetric division in a single cell
Stem cells have the ability to commit or self-renew.
Asymmetry in the population
Two committed cells are formed from the stem cell.
-but can produce two new stem cells when combined with another stem cell.
Lineage of adult stem cells
-Multipotent stem cells have the ability to commit or self-renew.
-committed cells have the ability to proliferate or become progenitor cells.
which can only develop into differentiated cells after that.
Self-renewal is the process by which cells of the same type continue to
proliferate forever.
, The ability to develop into any type of cell (zygote) is known as totipotency.
The ability to differentiate into many cell types (ES cell from blastocyst) is
known as pluripotency.
Multipotent: able to differentiate into many cell types
Three different kinds of stem cells: ANSWER, ES, or embryonic
Among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ that has the ability to regenerate
itself are adult or somatic-undifferentiated cells.
Adult cells that have undergone genetic reprogramming to become embryonic
stem cells are known as induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS.
ANSWER pluripotent embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into
several cell types.
derived from the blastocyst's inner cell mass
Undifferentiated (committed but not differentiated) cultured indefinitely
Adult stem cell ANSWER Even in adults, monopotent or multipotent (many
cell types) stem cells are found in several organs.
produce a small number of mature tissue cell types; frequently, they proliferate
slowly,
• It is challenging to separate and identify cells.
Satellite cells, for instance (muscle rip --> active proliferation)
-homeopathic stem cells (Hsc) and bone marrow
capable of self-renewal and developing into B&T cells
Pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, are derived from ES cells. However, an
adult somatic cell can be transformed into an iPS cell and then reprogrammed to
produce other cell types, including mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Commitment - ANSWER The developmental state of a cell has been limited,
albeit not being explicitly demonstrated.
The first level of commitment: specification-ANSWER (reversible)
In a neutral environment, cells can undergo differentiation.
conclusion—ANSWER, the second, last stage of dedication
Regardless of the environment, it will become a determined cell type.
Differentiation is the process by which dedicated progenitors become
specialized cell types.
Which two categories of specifications are there? The autonomous specification
for ANSWER
conditional description
Autonomous specification: ANSWER cells determine their destiny based on
information from parent cells without the need for outside cues.
Example: It is possible to extract the progenitor trochoblast cells from snail
Patella and place them in a plate.
• At the appropriate developmental stage, they will divide, differentiate, and
produce cilia.
Conditional specification: ANSWER cells depend on external variables and cell
interactions to determine their fate.
can be physical surroundings, cell-to-cell interaction, or signals.
,For instance, when cells are moved from the back tissue to the belly, the back
cells express as the belly cells.
Which developmental milestones should be taken in what order?
Answer 1: Differentiation, specificity, and determination. description
2. Determination
3. Distinction
What stage are embryonic stem cells found at? The Blastula stage in ANSWER
What are stem cells? ANSWER: An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular
organism that can develop into specific other cell types and produce an endless
number of cells of the same type.
What are stem cells' two primary traits? ANSWER 1. Undifferentiated or
unspecialized cells that have the capacity to differentiate into one or more
specialized cells
2. Appropriate for long-term self-renewal (symmetrical or asymmetrical
division)
What are potential and potency? ANSWER A stem cell's capacity to
differentiate into several cell types.
ANSWER Asymmetric division in a single cell
Stem cells have the ability to commit or self-renew.
Asymmetry in the population
Two committed cells are formed from the stem cell.
-but can produce two new stem cells when combined with another stem cell.
Lineage of adult stem cells
-Multipotent stem cells have the ability to commit or self-renew.
-committed cells have the ability to proliferate or become progenitor cells.
which can only develop into differentiated cells after that.
Self-renewal is the process by which cells of the same type continue to
proliferate forever.
, The ability to develop into any type of cell (zygote) is known as totipotency.
The ability to differentiate into many cell types (ES cell from blastocyst) is
known as pluripotency.
Multipotent: able to differentiate into many cell types
Three different kinds of stem cells: ANSWER, ES, or embryonic
Among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ that has the ability to regenerate
itself are adult or somatic-undifferentiated cells.
Adult cells that have undergone genetic reprogramming to become embryonic
stem cells are known as induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS.
ANSWER pluripotent embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into
several cell types.
derived from the blastocyst's inner cell mass
Undifferentiated (committed but not differentiated) cultured indefinitely
Adult stem cell ANSWER Even in adults, monopotent or multipotent (many
cell types) stem cells are found in several organs.
produce a small number of mature tissue cell types; frequently, they proliferate
slowly,
• It is challenging to separate and identify cells.
Satellite cells, for instance (muscle rip --> active proliferation)
-homeopathic stem cells (Hsc) and bone marrow
capable of self-renewal and developing into B&T cells
Pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, are derived from ES cells. However, an
adult somatic cell can be transformed into an iPS cell and then reprogrammed to
produce other cell types, including mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm.
