I-Human Case Study: Thomas Warren, a 72- year-old male, presents with a complaint of an unusual mole.

I-Human Case Study: Thomas Warren, a 72- year-old male, presents with a complaint of an unusual mole.I-Human Case Study: Thomas Warren, a 72- year-old male, presents with a complaint of an unusual mole. -Human Case Study: Thomas Warren, 72 Years OldChief Complaint:Thomas Warren, a 72-year-old male, presents with a complaint of an unusual mole on his back that he noticed about 3 months ago. He reports that the mole has changed in size, color, and shape.Subjective:History of Present Illness (HPI):Onset: Noticed the mole 3 months ago.Location: Middle of the back.Duration: Persistent since first noticed.Characteristics: The mole has become larger, darker, and has irregular borders. It has also becomeitchy occasionally.Associated Symptoms: No bleeding, oozing, or pain.Aggravating Factors: None reported.Relieving Factors: None reported.Previous Interventions: No previous treatments or evaluations.Past Medical History (PMH):Hypertension (well-controlled with medication).Hyperlipidemia.Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Osteoarthritis.No history of skin cancer or previous skin lesions of concern.Medications:Lisinopril 20 mg daily.Atorvastatin 40 mg daily.Metformin 500 mg twice daily.Ibuprofen 200 mg as needed for arthritis pain.Allergies:No known drug allergies.Family History:Father: Deceased at 85, history of coronary artery disease.Mother: Deceased at 78, history of hypertension.No family history of skin cancer.Social History:Retired accountant.Lives with spouse. I-Human Case Study: Thomas Warren, a 72-year-old male, presents with a complaint of an unusual mole.Non-smoker.Occasional alcohol use (1-2 drinks per week).No history of recreational drug use.Limited sun exposure in the past due to indoor occupation, uses sunscreen occasionally.Review of Systems (ROS):General:No weight loss, fever, or fatigue.Skin: Reports the mole on the back, occasional itching. No other skin changes or lesions.HEENT: No headaches, vision changes, hearing loss, or sore throat.Cardiovascular: No chest pain, palpitations, or edema.Respiratory: No cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing.Gastrointestinal: No nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits.Genitourinary: No dysuria, frequency, or hematuria.Musculoskeletal: Chronic joint pain due to osteoarthritis, no new joint pain or swelling.Neurological: No dizziness, syncope, or focal neurological deficits.Endocrine: Diabetes well- managed, no new symptoms of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.Objective:Vital Signs:Blood Pressure: 130/80 mmHgHeart Rate: 76 beats per minuteRespiratory Rate: 16 breaths per minuteTemperature: 98.6°F (37°C)Oxygen Saturation: 98% on room airPhysical Examination:General: Alert, oriented, and in no acute distress.Skin: A single mole on the mid-back, approximately 1.5 cm in diameter, asymmetrical with irregular borders, variegated color (tan, brown, and black areas), slightly raised, and no ulceration or bleeding.HEENT: Normocephalic, atraumatic, no lesions or abnormalities noted.Cardiovascular: Regular rate and rhythm, no murmurs, rubs, or gallops.Respiratory: Clear to auscultation bilaterally, no wheezes, rales, or rhonchi.Gastrointestinal: Soft, non-tender, no hepatosplenomegaly.Musculoskeletal: Normal range of motion, no acute joint swelling or deformities.Neurological: No focal deficits, cranial nerves II-XII intact.Diagnostic Tests: I-Human Case Study: Thomas Warren, a 72-year-old male, presents with a complaint of an unusual mole.Dermatoscopy: Shows irregular pigment network, asymmetry, and multiple colors.Skin Biopsy: Excisional biopsy performed for histopathological examination.Assessment:Primary Diagnosis:Suspicious moleon the back suggestive of malignant melanoma based on ABCDE criteria (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolution).Differential Diagnoses:Benign melanocytic nevus.Dysplastic nevus.Seborrheic keratosis.Plan:Immediate Plan:Surgical: Complete excisional biopsy of the mole performed.Laboratory: Send biopsy for histopathological analysis to confirm diagnosis.Further Management:Referral: Referral to a dermatologist and oncologist if biopsy confirms melanoma.Follow-Up: Schedule follow-up appointment to discuss biopsy results and further management.Patient Education:Educate the patient on the importance of regular skin checks and protection against UV radiation.Advise on the signs of skin changes that need immediate medical attention.Preventive Measures:Recommend using broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.Encourage wearing protective clothing and avoiding peak sun exposure.Monitoring:Monitor wound healing post-biopsy.Assess for any new or changing skin lesions at follow-up appointments.Step-by-step explanationI- HumanCaseStudy:ThomasWarren,72YearsOldChief Complaint:Thomas Warren, a 72-year-old male, presents with a complaint of an unusual mole on his back that he noticed about 3 months ago. He reports that the mole has changed in size, color, and shape. GLOBALISATION Increased meat consumption (average annual consumption 50kg per person ) - westernisation - deforestation for cattle crazing - beef and lamb emit the most methane of any meat source GLOBALISATION Loss of language in Papau New Guinea - ANSWER- 7,000 tribal groups - most of which speak their own language Young people in these communities give up their tribal way of life and move to cities so stop speaking their local language 2014: 1 in 4 tribal languages at risk of ext