MCN 273 Exam II QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100 VERIFIED
Critical Factors in Labor - ANSWER-Passageway - pelvis and soft tissues
Passenger - fetus/placenta
"Powers" - physiologic forces of labor
Position - relationship between the passage and the fetus
Psychosocial response
Philosophy - low tech, high tech, natural process, not disease
Partners - support
Patience - natural timing
Patient preparation
Pain management
Birth Passageway - ANSWER-Bony pelvis - pelvic inlet and outlet
Pelvic shape - gynecoid and anthropoid favored
Soft tissues - ability of cervix to dilate, efface, ability of vaginal canal to distant
Birth Passenger - ANSWER-Fetal head, attitude, lie, presentation
Fetal Head - ANSWER-Face/cranium base are fixed
Cranial vault is pliable (bony plates can overlap)
Frontal, parietal, occipital bones (overlapping bones = molding)
Fetal Head Diameters - ANSWER-Suboccipitobregmatic ~9.5cm from back of skull to
the anterior fontanelle
Variable, should be coming in with chin to chest
Biparietal ~9.25cm - side of baby's head
Sutures - ANSWER-Membraneous joints uniting cranial bones
Allow for molding
Sagittal and cranial
Where the sagittal and cranial meet is the anterior fontanelle which will tell you which
way the baby is coming down/facing
Fetal Attitude - ANSWER-Relation of the fetal body parts to one another
Posture of fetus to conform to uterine cavity
Normal attitude = general flexion, head flexed, chin to chest, arms crossed over chest,
legs flexed at knee, thighs on abdomen
Abnormal lie = extension
,Breech: Clinical Therapy - ANSWER-External cephalic version (try to et baby to flip by
pushing on belly)
C/S
CAM (Moxibustion-mugwart which is supposed to stimulate fetal movement, burn it
close towards feet)
Transverse: Presenting Part - ANSWER-Shoulder
Transverse: Contributing Causes - ANSWER-Previa (placental previa = low implantation
of placenta
Uterine anomaly
High parity
Multiples
Prematurity (small babies have too much space to move around)
Previous breech
Transverse: Maternal Risk - ANSWER-C/S (no option for vaginal delivery)
Transverse: Fetal Risk - ANSWER-Cord prolapse
Transverse: Clinical Therapy - ANSWER-External cephalic version
C/S
CAM
"Powers" of Labor: Primary - ANSWER-Uterine muscular contractions (myometrial
activity - frequency, duration, intensity)
Causes cervical change (dilation, effacement, station)
"Laboring down" (allow for 2-3hrs)
Fetal Lie - ANSWER-Relationship of fetal spinal column to that of mother
Cephalocaudal axis
Longitudinal 98% = vertical (parallel to maternal spine), cephalic or breech
Transverse 2% = horizontal, shoulder presentation
Fetal Presentation - ANSWER-Presenting part of the body that enters the pelvis first
Normal is cephalic presentation (aka vertex = very top of head)
Fetal Malpresentation - ANSWER-Cephalic (brow, face) - brow is considered the
presenting state
Breech 3% of all births
Frank 50-70% come in in a pike position, legs straight up
Incomplete/footing 10-30% one foot or two feet out first
Complete 5010% cannonball position, legs tucked in
Shoulder transverse 2% of all births
Compound - head and hand, two parts presenting
, Cephalic (Brow): Presenting Part - ANSWER-Forehead (extended head)
Cephalic (Brow): Contributing Causes - ANSWER-Uterine anomaly
High parity
Low birth weight
Pelvic shape
Cephalic (Brow): Maternal Risk - ANSWER-Prolonged labor
C/S
Episiotomy
Cephalic (Brow): Fetal Fisk - ANSWER-Birth Injury
Cephalic (Brow): Clinical Therapy - ANSWER-None indicated if labor is progression
C/S if not
Cephalic (Face): Presenting Part - ANSWER-Face (hyperextended head)
Cephalic (Face): Contributing Causes - ANSWER-Uterine anomaly
High parity
Low birth weight
Pelvic shape
Cephalic (Face): Maternal Risk - ANSWER-Prolonged labor
C/S
Episiotomy
Cephalic (Face): Fetal Risk - ANSWER-Edema/bruising of face, head, and airway
Cephalic (Face): Clinical Therapy - ANSWER-C/S typical recommended
Vaginal delivery possible in some cases
Breech: Presenting Part - ANSWER-Sacrum or feet
Breech: Contributing Causes - ANSWER-Previa (placental previa = low implantation of
placenta
Uterine anomaly
High parity
Multiples
Prematurity (small babies have too much space to move around)
Previous breech
Breech: Fetal Risk - ANSWER-Cord prolapse
Head entrapment
Neuromuscular disorders
ANSWERS 100 VERIFIED
Critical Factors in Labor - ANSWER-Passageway - pelvis and soft tissues
Passenger - fetus/placenta
"Powers" - physiologic forces of labor
Position - relationship between the passage and the fetus
Psychosocial response
Philosophy - low tech, high tech, natural process, not disease
Partners - support
Patience - natural timing
Patient preparation
Pain management
Birth Passageway - ANSWER-Bony pelvis - pelvic inlet and outlet
Pelvic shape - gynecoid and anthropoid favored
Soft tissues - ability of cervix to dilate, efface, ability of vaginal canal to distant
Birth Passenger - ANSWER-Fetal head, attitude, lie, presentation
Fetal Head - ANSWER-Face/cranium base are fixed
Cranial vault is pliable (bony plates can overlap)
Frontal, parietal, occipital bones (overlapping bones = molding)
Fetal Head Diameters - ANSWER-Suboccipitobregmatic ~9.5cm from back of skull to
the anterior fontanelle
Variable, should be coming in with chin to chest
Biparietal ~9.25cm - side of baby's head
Sutures - ANSWER-Membraneous joints uniting cranial bones
Allow for molding
Sagittal and cranial
Where the sagittal and cranial meet is the anterior fontanelle which will tell you which
way the baby is coming down/facing
Fetal Attitude - ANSWER-Relation of the fetal body parts to one another
Posture of fetus to conform to uterine cavity
Normal attitude = general flexion, head flexed, chin to chest, arms crossed over chest,
legs flexed at knee, thighs on abdomen
Abnormal lie = extension
,Breech: Clinical Therapy - ANSWER-External cephalic version (try to et baby to flip by
pushing on belly)
C/S
CAM (Moxibustion-mugwart which is supposed to stimulate fetal movement, burn it
close towards feet)
Transverse: Presenting Part - ANSWER-Shoulder
Transverse: Contributing Causes - ANSWER-Previa (placental previa = low implantation
of placenta
Uterine anomaly
High parity
Multiples
Prematurity (small babies have too much space to move around)
Previous breech
Transverse: Maternal Risk - ANSWER-C/S (no option for vaginal delivery)
Transverse: Fetal Risk - ANSWER-Cord prolapse
Transverse: Clinical Therapy - ANSWER-External cephalic version
C/S
CAM
"Powers" of Labor: Primary - ANSWER-Uterine muscular contractions (myometrial
activity - frequency, duration, intensity)
Causes cervical change (dilation, effacement, station)
"Laboring down" (allow for 2-3hrs)
Fetal Lie - ANSWER-Relationship of fetal spinal column to that of mother
Cephalocaudal axis
Longitudinal 98% = vertical (parallel to maternal spine), cephalic or breech
Transverse 2% = horizontal, shoulder presentation
Fetal Presentation - ANSWER-Presenting part of the body that enters the pelvis first
Normal is cephalic presentation (aka vertex = very top of head)
Fetal Malpresentation - ANSWER-Cephalic (brow, face) - brow is considered the
presenting state
Breech 3% of all births
Frank 50-70% come in in a pike position, legs straight up
Incomplete/footing 10-30% one foot or two feet out first
Complete 5010% cannonball position, legs tucked in
Shoulder transverse 2% of all births
Compound - head and hand, two parts presenting
, Cephalic (Brow): Presenting Part - ANSWER-Forehead (extended head)
Cephalic (Brow): Contributing Causes - ANSWER-Uterine anomaly
High parity
Low birth weight
Pelvic shape
Cephalic (Brow): Maternal Risk - ANSWER-Prolonged labor
C/S
Episiotomy
Cephalic (Brow): Fetal Fisk - ANSWER-Birth Injury
Cephalic (Brow): Clinical Therapy - ANSWER-None indicated if labor is progression
C/S if not
Cephalic (Face): Presenting Part - ANSWER-Face (hyperextended head)
Cephalic (Face): Contributing Causes - ANSWER-Uterine anomaly
High parity
Low birth weight
Pelvic shape
Cephalic (Face): Maternal Risk - ANSWER-Prolonged labor
C/S
Episiotomy
Cephalic (Face): Fetal Risk - ANSWER-Edema/bruising of face, head, and airway
Cephalic (Face): Clinical Therapy - ANSWER-C/S typical recommended
Vaginal delivery possible in some cases
Breech: Presenting Part - ANSWER-Sacrum or feet
Breech: Contributing Causes - ANSWER-Previa (placental previa = low implantation of
placenta
Uterine anomaly
High parity
Multiples
Prematurity (small babies have too much space to move around)
Previous breech
Breech: Fetal Risk - ANSWER-Cord prolapse
Head entrapment
Neuromuscular disorders
