Basic Pathology
Robbins & Kumar
9780323790185
11th edition
112 questions and answers entire book
Level: advanced
,Contents
Chapter 1: The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease................................3
Chapter 2: Cellular Injury, Death, and Adaptations..................................3
Chapter 3: Inflammation and Repair........................................................3
Chapter 4: Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, and
Shock........................................................................................................4
Chapter 5: Genetic Disorders...................................................................4
Chapter 6: Diseases of the Immune System............................................5
Chapter 7: Neoplasia................................................................................5
Chapter 8: Infectious Diseases.................................................................6
Chapter 9: Environmental and Nutritional Disorders................................7
Chapter 10: Diseases of the Cardiovascular System................................8
Chapter 11: Diseases of the Respiratory System.....................................8
Chapter 12: Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary Tract.............................9
Chapter 13: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System..............................9
Chapter 13: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System (continued)...........9
Chapter 14: Diseases of the Endocrine System......................................10
Chapter 15: Diseases of the Reproductive System................................11
Chapter 16: Disorders of the Immune System.......................................11
Chapter 17: Disorders of the Nervous System.......................................12
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System...........................12
Chapter 19: Disorders of the Skin..........................................................13
General Pathology Questions.................................................................13
Actual test questions (2nd November 2024 test no answers)................13
,Chapter 1: The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease
1. Q: What is the central concept of cellular homeostasis?
A: Cellular homeostasis refers to the ability of cells to maintain a
steady internal environment despite external changes, enabling
survival and proper function.
2. Q: What is the role of mitochondria in cellular adaptation?
A: Mitochondria regulate energy production, apoptosis, and
oxidative stress, playing a crucial role in cellular adaptation and
survival.
3. Q: Define the unfolded protein response (UPR).
A: UPR is a cellular response to the accumulation of misfolded
proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, aiming to restore normal
function or trigger apoptosis.
4. Q: What are the four major types of cell adaptation?
A: Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia.
Chapter 2: Cellular Injury, Death, and Adaptations
5. Q: What is the primary cause of cell injury?
A: Hypoxia, which deprives cells of oxygen needed for ATP
production.
6. Q: What are reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
A: ROS are unstable molecules containing oxygen that can cause
oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids.
7. Q: Differentiate between necrosis and apoptosis.
A: Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death with inflammation, while
apoptosis is a regulated, non-inflammatory process.
8. Q: Name two morphological patterns of necrosis.
A: Coagulative necrosis and liquefactive necrosis.
9. Q: What is autophagy, and why is it important?
A: Autophagy is the process of cellular self-digestion that helps
eliminate damaged organelles and recycle nutrients during stress.
Chapter 3: Inflammation and Repair
10. Q: What are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
A: Redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
, 11. Q: Name the key steps in leukocyte recruitment during
inflammation.
A: Margination, rolling, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis.
12. Q: What is granulomatous inflammation?
A: A chronic inflammatory response characterized by the formation
of granulomas to contain difficult-to-eradicate agents like
tuberculosis.
13. Q: Define angiogenesis.
A: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-
existing ones, critical in tissue repair.
14. Q: What role does VEGF play in inflammation and repair?
A: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis
during tissue repair.
Chapter 4: Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic
Disease, and Shock
15. Q: What is edema?
A: Edema is the accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces or body
cavities due to increased vascular permeability or decreased oncotic
pressure.
16. Q: Differentiate between hyperemia and congestion.
A: Hyperemia is active and caused by increased blood flow, while
congestion is passive and results from impaired venous outflow.
17. Q: What is Virchow's triad?
A: The three factors promoting thrombosis: endothelial injury, stasis
or turbulence of blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
18. Q: What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
A: A condition characterized by widespread clotting and bleeding
due to the consumption of clotting factors.
19. Q: What are the stages of shock?
A: Initial (non-progressive), progressive, and irreversible.
Chapter 5: Genetic Disorders
20. Q: What is the difference between a single-gene disorder and
a multifactorial disorder?
A: Single-gene disorders are caused by mutations in one gene, while
multifactorial disorders involve multiple genes and environmental
factors.
Robbins & Kumar
9780323790185
11th edition
112 questions and answers entire book
Level: advanced
,Contents
Chapter 1: The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease................................3
Chapter 2: Cellular Injury, Death, and Adaptations..................................3
Chapter 3: Inflammation and Repair........................................................3
Chapter 4: Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, and
Shock........................................................................................................4
Chapter 5: Genetic Disorders...................................................................4
Chapter 6: Diseases of the Immune System............................................5
Chapter 7: Neoplasia................................................................................5
Chapter 8: Infectious Diseases.................................................................6
Chapter 9: Environmental and Nutritional Disorders................................7
Chapter 10: Diseases of the Cardiovascular System................................8
Chapter 11: Diseases of the Respiratory System.....................................8
Chapter 12: Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary Tract.............................9
Chapter 13: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System..............................9
Chapter 13: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System (continued)...........9
Chapter 14: Diseases of the Endocrine System......................................10
Chapter 15: Diseases of the Reproductive System................................11
Chapter 16: Disorders of the Immune System.......................................11
Chapter 17: Disorders of the Nervous System.......................................12
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System...........................12
Chapter 19: Disorders of the Skin..........................................................13
General Pathology Questions.................................................................13
Actual test questions (2nd November 2024 test no answers)................13
,Chapter 1: The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease
1. Q: What is the central concept of cellular homeostasis?
A: Cellular homeostasis refers to the ability of cells to maintain a
steady internal environment despite external changes, enabling
survival and proper function.
2. Q: What is the role of mitochondria in cellular adaptation?
A: Mitochondria regulate energy production, apoptosis, and
oxidative stress, playing a crucial role in cellular adaptation and
survival.
3. Q: Define the unfolded protein response (UPR).
A: UPR is a cellular response to the accumulation of misfolded
proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, aiming to restore normal
function or trigger apoptosis.
4. Q: What are the four major types of cell adaptation?
A: Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia.
Chapter 2: Cellular Injury, Death, and Adaptations
5. Q: What is the primary cause of cell injury?
A: Hypoxia, which deprives cells of oxygen needed for ATP
production.
6. Q: What are reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
A: ROS are unstable molecules containing oxygen that can cause
oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids.
7. Q: Differentiate between necrosis and apoptosis.
A: Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death with inflammation, while
apoptosis is a regulated, non-inflammatory process.
8. Q: Name two morphological patterns of necrosis.
A: Coagulative necrosis and liquefactive necrosis.
9. Q: What is autophagy, and why is it important?
A: Autophagy is the process of cellular self-digestion that helps
eliminate damaged organelles and recycle nutrients during stress.
Chapter 3: Inflammation and Repair
10. Q: What are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
A: Redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
, 11. Q: Name the key steps in leukocyte recruitment during
inflammation.
A: Margination, rolling, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis.
12. Q: What is granulomatous inflammation?
A: A chronic inflammatory response characterized by the formation
of granulomas to contain difficult-to-eradicate agents like
tuberculosis.
13. Q: Define angiogenesis.
A: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-
existing ones, critical in tissue repair.
14. Q: What role does VEGF play in inflammation and repair?
A: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis
during tissue repair.
Chapter 4: Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic
Disease, and Shock
15. Q: What is edema?
A: Edema is the accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces or body
cavities due to increased vascular permeability or decreased oncotic
pressure.
16. Q: Differentiate between hyperemia and congestion.
A: Hyperemia is active and caused by increased blood flow, while
congestion is passive and results from impaired venous outflow.
17. Q: What is Virchow's triad?
A: The three factors promoting thrombosis: endothelial injury, stasis
or turbulence of blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
18. Q: What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
A: A condition characterized by widespread clotting and bleeding
due to the consumption of clotting factors.
19. Q: What are the stages of shock?
A: Initial (non-progressive), progressive, and irreversible.
Chapter 5: Genetic Disorders
20. Q: What is the difference between a single-gene disorder and
a multifactorial disorder?
A: Single-gene disorders are caused by mutations in one gene, while
multifactorial disorders involve multiple genes and environmental
factors.
