Exam 1 MCB 3020 Study Guide ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Definition of a cell - CORRECT ANSWER - the smallest structural and functional unit of
an organism
Hallmarks of a Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell membrane, Genetic material, Self-
replication, Regulation, Similar macromolecules, Energy use
What is the status of Prions, virions, and viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - Non-living,
acellular, do not share the hallmarks of cells.
List effect of microbe on ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER - Ecosystems would not be
sustainable without the existence of Microbes
List extreme conditions at which microbes can thrive - CORRECT ANSWER - Microbes
can live in nearly every extreme condition imaginable. For example, extremely salty conditions,
extreme hot or cold, and extremely acidic or basic condtions
Describe ways Microbes Shape Our Planet? - CORRECT ANSWER - Photosynthetic
microbes increases Earth's atmospheric oxygen levels. Microbes play a role in biogeochemical
cycle such as converting nitrogen form inorganic form to organic forms and then back again.
Where in body bacteria may be found, and at what age bacteria start colonizing human body? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria can be found anywhere in the body and bacteria starts to
colonize soon after birth.
Which kingdoms and domains are prokaryotes and which ones are eukaryotes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Prokaryotes are in Domain Archaea and Bacteria. Eukaryotes are in Domain
Eukarya.
Prokaryotes are in the Kingdome Monera. Eukaryotes are in the Kingdom Protista, Plantae,
Fungi, and Animalia.
,List membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mitochondira, golgi, lysosomes,chlorplast, nucleus etc. Membrane bound
organelles only found in Eukaryotes
Eukarya Vs Bacteria Vs Archaea
Presence of and makeup of cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER - Eukaray - Cellulose or
chitin
Bateria- Peptidoglycan
Archaea- Psedopeptidoglycan
Eukarya Vs Bacteria Vs Archaea
Presence of organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - Eukarya- Organelles present
Bacteria and Archaea- Organelles not present
Eukarya Vs Bacteria Vs Archaea
Chromosome structure and organization - CORRECT ANSWER - Eukarya- Multiple
linear chromosomes
Bacteria and Archaea- Single circular chromosomes
Compare the characteristics of bacteria and archaea - CORRECT ANSWER - Both are
prokaryotes
Lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
Bacteria cell wall composed of peptidogylcan
Archaea cell wall composed of psuedopeptidoglycan
Archaea usually found in extreme conditions
Which domain of microorganisms may possess Hami? - CORRECT ANSWER - Only
produced by Archaea
, What is its possible use/role of Hami? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hami are a network of
cells that have a structure that makes them look like a grappling hooks, suggesting they are
involved in attaching cells to surface.
List the six major bio element - CORRECT ANSWER - C, H, O, N, S, F
List which six major bio elements are the ones present in each of the four polymers - CORRECT
ANSWER - Lipids- C,H,and O
Polysaccharides - C, H and O
Protein- C,H,O, N and S
Nucleic Acid- C,H,O, N and P
List and define major chemical bonds used to connect biological molecules - CORRECT
ANSWER - Ionic Bond- Electrons are transferred, creating ions
Covalent Bond- The sharing of electrons to complete the other shell
H-bonding- H atoms interact with other electronegative atoms (O,N,F)
Explain the role of water in biological activities. - CORRECT ANSWER - Biochemical
reactions almost always occur in water. H bonding between increases the bioling point and
makes it a good temperature buffer and makes it an excellent solvent.
Define water activity aw, osmosis, osmolarity, and osmotolerant - CORRECT ANSWER -
Water Activity (Aw) is a quantitative measurement of the water availability in a habitat.
Osmosis- the the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane, from less
concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution (high water of concentration to an area of
low water concentration )
Osmolarity- describes the concentration of solute particle in a solution.
Osmotolerant- Organism is able to grow in a wide range od solute concentration or water activity
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Definition of a cell - CORRECT ANSWER - the smallest structural and functional unit of
an organism
Hallmarks of a Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell membrane, Genetic material, Self-
replication, Regulation, Similar macromolecules, Energy use
What is the status of Prions, virions, and viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - Non-living,
acellular, do not share the hallmarks of cells.
List effect of microbe on ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER - Ecosystems would not be
sustainable without the existence of Microbes
List extreme conditions at which microbes can thrive - CORRECT ANSWER - Microbes
can live in nearly every extreme condition imaginable. For example, extremely salty conditions,
extreme hot or cold, and extremely acidic or basic condtions
Describe ways Microbes Shape Our Planet? - CORRECT ANSWER - Photosynthetic
microbes increases Earth's atmospheric oxygen levels. Microbes play a role in biogeochemical
cycle such as converting nitrogen form inorganic form to organic forms and then back again.
Where in body bacteria may be found, and at what age bacteria start colonizing human body? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria can be found anywhere in the body and bacteria starts to
colonize soon after birth.
Which kingdoms and domains are prokaryotes and which ones are eukaryotes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Prokaryotes are in Domain Archaea and Bacteria. Eukaryotes are in Domain
Eukarya.
Prokaryotes are in the Kingdome Monera. Eukaryotes are in the Kingdom Protista, Plantae,
Fungi, and Animalia.
,List membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mitochondira, golgi, lysosomes,chlorplast, nucleus etc. Membrane bound
organelles only found in Eukaryotes
Eukarya Vs Bacteria Vs Archaea
Presence of and makeup of cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER - Eukaray - Cellulose or
chitin
Bateria- Peptidoglycan
Archaea- Psedopeptidoglycan
Eukarya Vs Bacteria Vs Archaea
Presence of organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - Eukarya- Organelles present
Bacteria and Archaea- Organelles not present
Eukarya Vs Bacteria Vs Archaea
Chromosome structure and organization - CORRECT ANSWER - Eukarya- Multiple
linear chromosomes
Bacteria and Archaea- Single circular chromosomes
Compare the characteristics of bacteria and archaea - CORRECT ANSWER - Both are
prokaryotes
Lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
Bacteria cell wall composed of peptidogylcan
Archaea cell wall composed of psuedopeptidoglycan
Archaea usually found in extreme conditions
Which domain of microorganisms may possess Hami? - CORRECT ANSWER - Only
produced by Archaea
, What is its possible use/role of Hami? - CORRECT ANSWER - Hami are a network of
cells that have a structure that makes them look like a grappling hooks, suggesting they are
involved in attaching cells to surface.
List the six major bio element - CORRECT ANSWER - C, H, O, N, S, F
List which six major bio elements are the ones present in each of the four polymers - CORRECT
ANSWER - Lipids- C,H,and O
Polysaccharides - C, H and O
Protein- C,H,O, N and S
Nucleic Acid- C,H,O, N and P
List and define major chemical bonds used to connect biological molecules - CORRECT
ANSWER - Ionic Bond- Electrons are transferred, creating ions
Covalent Bond- The sharing of electrons to complete the other shell
H-bonding- H atoms interact with other electronegative atoms (O,N,F)
Explain the role of water in biological activities. - CORRECT ANSWER - Biochemical
reactions almost always occur in water. H bonding between increases the bioling point and
makes it a good temperature buffer and makes it an excellent solvent.
Define water activity aw, osmosis, osmolarity, and osmotolerant - CORRECT ANSWER -
Water Activity (Aw) is a quantitative measurement of the water availability in a habitat.
Osmosis- the the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane, from less
concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution (high water of concentration to an area of
low water concentration )
Osmolarity- describes the concentration of solute particle in a solution.
Osmotolerant- Organism is able to grow in a wide range od solute concentration or water activity
