MENTAL HEALTH EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
ACCURATELY SOLVED RATED A.
What is psychoneuroimmunology?
Examines the relationships among immune systems, nervous system, and endocrine
system and our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings
- changes in the immune system have been noted as widespread in some psychiatric
illnesses.
What are some findings of psychoneuroimmunology?
1. specific immune system dysfunctions may result from damage to the
hypothalamus, hippocampus, or pituitary and may produce symptoms of psychiatric
disorders
2. Immune dysregulation may also be involved in the development of psychiatric
disorders. This can occur by allowing neurotoxins to affect the brain, damaging
neuroendocrine tissue, or damaging tissues in the brain at locations such as the
receptor sites.
What does the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPA) do?
- regulates the release of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland using thyrotropin-
releasing hormone from the hypothalamus to the pituitary and thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) from the pituitary to the thyroid.
- regulates estrogen and testosterone secretion through luteinizing hormone and
follicle-stimulating hormone
What is the gut-brain axis?
the term used to define the relationship among the CNS, neuroendocrine and
neuroimmune systems including the HPA, sympathetic and autonomic nervous
systems, the enteric nervous system (ENS), the vagus nerve, and the gut microbiota
What is the enteric nervous system (ENS)?
second brain" is a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the
gastrointestinal system. The ENS can operate independently and communicates with
,the CNS through the parasympathetic (vagus nerve) and sympathetic (prevertebral
ganglia) nervous system
What is the function of gut microbiota? -
- influences brain development and neurogenesis and interacts with the ENS and
CNS
- role in depression, anxiety, Alzheimer disease, and autism spectrum disorder
- an respond to and produce neurotransmitters such as the dopamine,
norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA
What is acceptance?
Encouraging and receiving information in a nonjudgmental and interested manner
*** DIFFERENT from agreement
What is confrontation?
Presenting the patient with a different reality of the situation
What is doubt?
Expressing or voicing doubt when a patient relates a situation
What is interperetation?
Putting into words what the patient is implying or feeling
What is observation?
Stating to the patient what the nurse is observing
What is reflection?
Redirecting the idea back to the patient for classification of important emotional
overtones, feelings, and experiences; it gives patients permission to have feelings
they may not realize they have
What is restatement?
Repeating the main idea expressed lets the patient know what was heard
What is silence and why is it important in our lives?
Remaining quiet but nonverbally expressing interest during an interaction
, What is validation?
Clarifying the nurse's understanding of the situation
What might an elevated leukocyte count indicate?
Lithium causes a benign mild to moderate increase (11,000-17,000/mcL)
NMS can be associated with increases of 15,000-30,000/mm3 in about 40% of cases
What might a decreased leukocyte count be from?
May be produced by phenothiazine, clozapine, carbamazepine
What might an elevated "Shift to the left"—from segmented neutrophils to band
forms indicate?
Shift often suggests a bacterial infection but has been reported in about 40% of
cases of NMS
What might an decreased platelet count indicate?
Some psychiatric medications, such as carbamazepine, phenothiazine, or clozapine,
or other nonpsychiatric medications may cause thrombocytopenia
Several medical conditions are other causes
What might an ALT > AST test indicate?
Disparity is common in acute forms of viral and drug-induced hepatic dysfunction
Mild elevations are common with use of sodium valproate
What might an AST >ALT test indicate?
Severe elevations in chronic forms of liver disease and postmyocardial infarction
may develop
What might an elevated CPK indicate?
Muscle tissue injury is the cause
Level is elevated in NMS
Level is also elevated by repeated intramuscular injections (e.g., antipsychotics)
What is a Mental Status Exam?
ACCURATELY SOLVED RATED A.
What is psychoneuroimmunology?
Examines the relationships among immune systems, nervous system, and endocrine
system and our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings
- changes in the immune system have been noted as widespread in some psychiatric
illnesses.
What are some findings of psychoneuroimmunology?
1. specific immune system dysfunctions may result from damage to the
hypothalamus, hippocampus, or pituitary and may produce symptoms of psychiatric
disorders
2. Immune dysregulation may also be involved in the development of psychiatric
disorders. This can occur by allowing neurotoxins to affect the brain, damaging
neuroendocrine tissue, or damaging tissues in the brain at locations such as the
receptor sites.
What does the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPA) do?
- regulates the release of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland using thyrotropin-
releasing hormone from the hypothalamus to the pituitary and thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) from the pituitary to the thyroid.
- regulates estrogen and testosterone secretion through luteinizing hormone and
follicle-stimulating hormone
What is the gut-brain axis?
the term used to define the relationship among the CNS, neuroendocrine and
neuroimmune systems including the HPA, sympathetic and autonomic nervous
systems, the enteric nervous system (ENS), the vagus nerve, and the gut microbiota
What is the enteric nervous system (ENS)?
second brain" is a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the
gastrointestinal system. The ENS can operate independently and communicates with
,the CNS through the parasympathetic (vagus nerve) and sympathetic (prevertebral
ganglia) nervous system
What is the function of gut microbiota? -
- influences brain development and neurogenesis and interacts with the ENS and
CNS
- role in depression, anxiety, Alzheimer disease, and autism spectrum disorder
- an respond to and produce neurotransmitters such as the dopamine,
norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA
What is acceptance?
Encouraging and receiving information in a nonjudgmental and interested manner
*** DIFFERENT from agreement
What is confrontation?
Presenting the patient with a different reality of the situation
What is doubt?
Expressing or voicing doubt when a patient relates a situation
What is interperetation?
Putting into words what the patient is implying or feeling
What is observation?
Stating to the patient what the nurse is observing
What is reflection?
Redirecting the idea back to the patient for classification of important emotional
overtones, feelings, and experiences; it gives patients permission to have feelings
they may not realize they have
What is restatement?
Repeating the main idea expressed lets the patient know what was heard
What is silence and why is it important in our lives?
Remaining quiet but nonverbally expressing interest during an interaction
, What is validation?
Clarifying the nurse's understanding of the situation
What might an elevated leukocyte count indicate?
Lithium causes a benign mild to moderate increase (11,000-17,000/mcL)
NMS can be associated with increases of 15,000-30,000/mm3 in about 40% of cases
What might a decreased leukocyte count be from?
May be produced by phenothiazine, clozapine, carbamazepine
What might an elevated "Shift to the left"—from segmented neutrophils to band
forms indicate?
Shift often suggests a bacterial infection but has been reported in about 40% of
cases of NMS
What might an decreased platelet count indicate?
Some psychiatric medications, such as carbamazepine, phenothiazine, or clozapine,
or other nonpsychiatric medications may cause thrombocytopenia
Several medical conditions are other causes
What might an ALT > AST test indicate?
Disparity is common in acute forms of viral and drug-induced hepatic dysfunction
Mild elevations are common with use of sodium valproate
What might an AST >ALT test indicate?
Severe elevations in chronic forms of liver disease and postmyocardial infarction
may develop
What might an elevated CPK indicate?
Muscle tissue injury is the cause
Level is elevated in NMS
Level is also elevated by repeated intramuscular injections (e.g., antipsychotics)
What is a Mental Status Exam?
