A
VI
TU
IS
M
O
Perinatal Mental Health
A
exam Questions and
N
Answers 2024 Latest
JP
Update with Graded A+
Results
,What is a PMAD? - ANSWER A perinatal mood and anxiety disorder (not just PPD!)
Define the perinatal period. - ANSWER Time from conception through 1st year after
giving birth.
Define the prenatal or antenatal time - ANSWER During pregnancy
A
Define the postpartum or postnatal time - ANSWER 1st year after giving birth
VI
What does PMAD mean? - ANSWER Perinatal mood (depression, bipolar,
psychosis) anxiety (ocd, panic, had, ptsd) disorders (impact daily functioning).
TU
Can occur at anytime in life but increased risk in perinatal period and symptoms have
unique presentation.
How many infants annually are born to depressed mothers? - ANSWER
400,000...making perinatal depression the most under diagnosed obstetric complication
IS
in America
PMADs can affect... - ANSWER Anyone!
M
They do not discriminate. Can affect anyone. Socioeconomic status is NOT protective
O
_ in _ women are affected by perinatal depression - ANSWER 1 in 7 women
A
Percentage of pregnancy induced HTN vs pre-eclampsia vs gestational diabetes vs
PMADs? - ANSWER 6-8% PIH, 6-8% pre-eclampsia, 6% gestational diabetes, 21%
N
PMADs
JP
_ in _ men are affected by perinatal depression - ANSWER 1 in 10 men
Risks of untreated PMADs - ANSWER Relationship problems, poor adherence to
medical care, exacerbation of chronic medical issues, loss of financial resources,
disability, child neglect/abuse, developmental delays, tobacco/alcohol, drug use,
Suicide, homicide
How many pregnancies are unplanned? - ANSWER 50%
,Not all pregnancies are planned, wanted. Not all pregnancies end with a health baby or
fulfillment.
Etiology of PPD? - ANSWER Genetic predisposition, biological sensitivity to
hormonal changes, social/environmental (Hx of trauma or poor social support),
psychological (relationship with own mom, self image/perfectionism)
Cultural considerations of ppd - ANSWER -in some cultures mothers may not feel
safe to express needs or seek help.
A
-may report symptoms differently based on culture
VI
What did the landmark study on PPD show? - ANSWER 22% of women had
depression during first year postpartum: 26% started before pregnancy, 33% during
pregnancy, 40% during postpartum
TU
Of the 22% of postpartum mothers - ANSWER 68% had unipolar depression
66% had MDD or combo with GAD
IS
22% bipolar depression
19% had thoughts of harming selves
M
Prenatal depression relapse rate with meds and without meds - ANSWER 26% who
O
continued meds relapsed during pregnancy while 68% who stopped meds relapsed
Higher relapse rate if you DC meds
A
Percent of fathers with PPD? - ANSWER 10%
N
Depression in men: timing, symptoms - ANSWER Peaks at 3-6 months postpartum
JP
May not be sad "masked" and irritable, aggressive, hostile, acting out, checked out,
distractions
Do men seek help for their depression? - ANSWER Not often. Only 3% sought help.
Men are likely to under report symptoms
, Single mothers vs single fathers - ANSWER Single mothers: higher risk of
maltreatment. Twice as likely than mothers with partners to have depression.
Single fathers: have 3 times mortality rate than single mothers or partnered parents.
Trans gestational parents - ANSWER Needs research to determine prevalence.
Baseline depression and anxiety higher than adult average already.
A
Other people at risk - ANSWER Non-gestational parents also at risk for PMADs.
VI
Pregnancy VS Depression - ANSWER Pregnancy-tearful, labor. No change in self
esteem. Sleep disrupted due to bladder. No SI. Tire but rest restores, appropriate worry,
joy, increase appetite
TU
Depression: irritable, gloom, rage, low self esteem/guilt. Sleep changes, SI. Fatigue and
no restoration of rest. Anhedonia
Characteristics of baby blues - ANSWER 60-80% new moms affected
IS
Due to hormone fluctuation/sleep deprivation
M
Lasts 2 days-2 weeks. Peaks 3-5 d.
O
Symptoms of baby blues - ANSWER Tearfulness, liability, exhaustion
Predominately happy, self esteem unchanged
A
Unrelated to stress or prior psych history
N
Consider timing, onset, severity, duration, chronicity when differentiation between PPD
JP
and baby blues
Major unipolar depression with peripartum onset DSM criteria - ANSWER 5 or more
symptoms present for at least 2 weeks
Depressed mood most of day
Loss of interest/joy
Weight change or appetite disturbance
Sleep disturbance
VI
TU
IS
M
O
Perinatal Mental Health
A
exam Questions and
N
Answers 2024 Latest
JP
Update with Graded A+
Results
,What is a PMAD? - ANSWER A perinatal mood and anxiety disorder (not just PPD!)
Define the perinatal period. - ANSWER Time from conception through 1st year after
giving birth.
Define the prenatal or antenatal time - ANSWER During pregnancy
A
Define the postpartum or postnatal time - ANSWER 1st year after giving birth
VI
What does PMAD mean? - ANSWER Perinatal mood (depression, bipolar,
psychosis) anxiety (ocd, panic, had, ptsd) disorders (impact daily functioning).
TU
Can occur at anytime in life but increased risk in perinatal period and symptoms have
unique presentation.
How many infants annually are born to depressed mothers? - ANSWER
400,000...making perinatal depression the most under diagnosed obstetric complication
IS
in America
PMADs can affect... - ANSWER Anyone!
M
They do not discriminate. Can affect anyone. Socioeconomic status is NOT protective
O
_ in _ women are affected by perinatal depression - ANSWER 1 in 7 women
A
Percentage of pregnancy induced HTN vs pre-eclampsia vs gestational diabetes vs
PMADs? - ANSWER 6-8% PIH, 6-8% pre-eclampsia, 6% gestational diabetes, 21%
N
PMADs
JP
_ in _ men are affected by perinatal depression - ANSWER 1 in 10 men
Risks of untreated PMADs - ANSWER Relationship problems, poor adherence to
medical care, exacerbation of chronic medical issues, loss of financial resources,
disability, child neglect/abuse, developmental delays, tobacco/alcohol, drug use,
Suicide, homicide
How many pregnancies are unplanned? - ANSWER 50%
,Not all pregnancies are planned, wanted. Not all pregnancies end with a health baby or
fulfillment.
Etiology of PPD? - ANSWER Genetic predisposition, biological sensitivity to
hormonal changes, social/environmental (Hx of trauma or poor social support),
psychological (relationship with own mom, self image/perfectionism)
Cultural considerations of ppd - ANSWER -in some cultures mothers may not feel
safe to express needs or seek help.
A
-may report symptoms differently based on culture
VI
What did the landmark study on PPD show? - ANSWER 22% of women had
depression during first year postpartum: 26% started before pregnancy, 33% during
pregnancy, 40% during postpartum
TU
Of the 22% of postpartum mothers - ANSWER 68% had unipolar depression
66% had MDD or combo with GAD
IS
22% bipolar depression
19% had thoughts of harming selves
M
Prenatal depression relapse rate with meds and without meds - ANSWER 26% who
O
continued meds relapsed during pregnancy while 68% who stopped meds relapsed
Higher relapse rate if you DC meds
A
Percent of fathers with PPD? - ANSWER 10%
N
Depression in men: timing, symptoms - ANSWER Peaks at 3-6 months postpartum
JP
May not be sad "masked" and irritable, aggressive, hostile, acting out, checked out,
distractions
Do men seek help for their depression? - ANSWER Not often. Only 3% sought help.
Men are likely to under report symptoms
, Single mothers vs single fathers - ANSWER Single mothers: higher risk of
maltreatment. Twice as likely than mothers with partners to have depression.
Single fathers: have 3 times mortality rate than single mothers or partnered parents.
Trans gestational parents - ANSWER Needs research to determine prevalence.
Baseline depression and anxiety higher than adult average already.
A
Other people at risk - ANSWER Non-gestational parents also at risk for PMADs.
VI
Pregnancy VS Depression - ANSWER Pregnancy-tearful, labor. No change in self
esteem. Sleep disrupted due to bladder. No SI. Tire but rest restores, appropriate worry,
joy, increase appetite
TU
Depression: irritable, gloom, rage, low self esteem/guilt. Sleep changes, SI. Fatigue and
no restoration of rest. Anhedonia
Characteristics of baby blues - ANSWER 60-80% new moms affected
IS
Due to hormone fluctuation/sleep deprivation
M
Lasts 2 days-2 weeks. Peaks 3-5 d.
O
Symptoms of baby blues - ANSWER Tearfulness, liability, exhaustion
Predominately happy, self esteem unchanged
A
Unrelated to stress or prior psych history
N
Consider timing, onset, severity, duration, chronicity when differentiation between PPD
JP
and baby blues
Major unipolar depression with peripartum onset DSM criteria - ANSWER 5 or more
symptoms present for at least 2 weeks
Depressed mood most of day
Loss of interest/joy
Weight change or appetite disturbance
Sleep disturbance
