ASLS Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2024 (100% Pass)

ASLS Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2024 (100% Pass) Ischemic stroke most common cause - Answers Thromboembolism Ischemic stroke - Answers A blood clot forms in the vascular system, plugs a cerebral artery Ischemic stroke rate of occurrence - Answers 85% Intracerebral hemorrhage common cause - Answers Chronic hypertension Intracerebral hemorrhage/hemorrhagic stroke - Answers A weakened vessel bleeds into the brain Intracerebral hemorrhage rate of occurrence - Answers 15% Subarachnoid hemorrhage common cause - Answers Aneurysm rupture TIA causes - Answers Ischemia without infarction; thromboembolism TIA treatment - Answers Transport, focus on cause, not duration Pediatric stroke categories - Answers Arterial ischemic stroke Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Intracerebral hemorrhage Subarachnoid hemorrhage In children ___% of strokes are hemorrhagic - Answers 55 Peak age for pediatric stroke - Answers 1st year of life More common in teenagers - Answers Subarachnoid hemorrhage Ischemic risk factors (nonmodifiable) - Answers Advanced age Male gender Race (higher with black, Hispanic, Native American) Family history of MI or stroke Ischemic risk factors (modifiable) - Answers Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Dyslipidemia Obesity Cigarette smoking Prior stoke/TIA Heart disease Carotid disease Hypercoagulable states Cocaine, excessive alcohol Penumbra - Answers Zone of reversible ischemia around core of irreversible infarction, salvageable in first few hours after ischemic stroke Can be damaged by lowering blood pressure t-PA can limit brain damage by reducing risk of disability by - Answers 30% Give t-PA only if - Answers Hemorrhage excluded by CT scan Ischemic stroke onset within 3-4.5 hours Blood pressure is under 185/110 mmHg No other contraindications Penumbra is damaged by - Answers Seizure Hypotension Hyperglycemia Fever Mimics include - Answers Hypoglycemia Seizure Migraine Tumor Abscess Trauma (subdural hematoma) Most common type of stroke in adults - Answers Ischemic caused by thromboembolic disease Most important modifiable risk factor - Answers Chronic hypertension NIH stroke scale - Answers 10 = likely need rehab or nursing home 15 = poor prognosis if no treatment 20 = increased chance of post t-PA ICH Mend exam - Answers Based on combination of Cincinnati Prehospital stroke scale & NIH stroke scale Does not require any extra tools Takes 3 minutes including grading Aphasia - Answers Wrong or inappropriate words; Dysfunction of language due to language center damage (left hemisphere) Dysarthria - Answers Dysfunction of articulation due to motor weakness Cerebral cortex - Answers Gray matter Computer center Cerebral subcortex - Answers Deep white matter Wires connecting cortex & brainstem Brainstem - Answers Connects cerebrum & spinal cord Funnel of the brain Contains nerves to face/head Cerebrum - Answers Right & left hemispheres Cortex & subcortex Cerebellum - Answers Coordination center Cranium - Answers Skull; hard container enclosing brain Hemorrhagic stroke suddenly increases ICP