NYSTCE Early Childhood CST Part 1
Phoneme - ✔✔ correct answer the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the
meaning of words, represented by letters between slash marks
Grapheme - ✔✔ correct answer the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the
spelling of a word, may be one letter (ex: "b") or several letters (ex: "sh")
Phonics - ✔✔ correct answer the fairly predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes.
Phonemic Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual
sounds--phonemes--in spoken words.
Phonological Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer a broad term that includes phonemic awareness and
involves work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onset and rimes.
Onset - ✔✔ correct answer initial consonant(s) sound of a syllable (ex: "b" in bag)
Rime - ✔✔ correct answer the part of the syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it (ex: "im"
in swim).
Phoneme Isolation - ✔✔ correct answer recognize individual sounds in a word
Phoneme Identity - ✔✔ correct answer recognize the same sounds in different words
Phoneme Categorization - ✔✔ correct answer recognize a word with a sound that does not match the
sound in the other words
Phoneme Blending - ✔✔ correct answer combine the phonemes to form a word
Phoneme Segmentation - ✔✔ correct answer break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound
, NYSTCE Early Childhood CST Part 1
Phoneme Deletion - ✔✔ correct answer recognizing the word that remains when a phoneme is removed
from another word
Phoneme Addition - ✔✔ correct answer make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word
Phoneme substitution - ✔✔ correct answer substitute one phoneme from another to make a new word
Fluency - ✔✔ correct answer means to read a text accurately and quickly
Vocabulary - ✔✔ correct answer refers to the word people must know to communicate effectively
Affixes - ✔✔ correct answer word parts that are "fixed to" either the beginning of words (prefixes) or the
end of words (suffixes)
Base Words - ✔✔ correct answer words from which many other words are formed
Word Roots - ✔✔ correct answer words from other languages that are the origin of many English words
Metacognition - ✔✔ correct answer "thinking about thinking", strategies to think about and have control
over their reading
Poetry - ✔✔ correct answer communicates through linguistic imagery, sounds of words, and a rhythmic
quality
Epic - ✔✔ correct answer a very long narrative poem, usually about a single heroic person. Includes
monumental sweep, embrace the essence of an entire nation, and frequently include mythical forces
that influence the inevitable battles and conflicts.
Lyric - ✔✔ correct answer related to an epic, but it is shorter and presents profound feelings or ideas.
Fable - ✔✔ correct answer short literacy piece designed to present a moral or truth
Phoneme - ✔✔ correct answer the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the
meaning of words, represented by letters between slash marks
Grapheme - ✔✔ correct answer the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the
spelling of a word, may be one letter (ex: "b") or several letters (ex: "sh")
Phonics - ✔✔ correct answer the fairly predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes.
Phonemic Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual
sounds--phonemes--in spoken words.
Phonological Awareness - ✔✔ correct answer a broad term that includes phonemic awareness and
involves work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onset and rimes.
Onset - ✔✔ correct answer initial consonant(s) sound of a syllable (ex: "b" in bag)
Rime - ✔✔ correct answer the part of the syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it (ex: "im"
in swim).
Phoneme Isolation - ✔✔ correct answer recognize individual sounds in a word
Phoneme Identity - ✔✔ correct answer recognize the same sounds in different words
Phoneme Categorization - ✔✔ correct answer recognize a word with a sound that does not match the
sound in the other words
Phoneme Blending - ✔✔ correct answer combine the phonemes to form a word
Phoneme Segmentation - ✔✔ correct answer break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound
, NYSTCE Early Childhood CST Part 1
Phoneme Deletion - ✔✔ correct answer recognizing the word that remains when a phoneme is removed
from another word
Phoneme Addition - ✔✔ correct answer make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word
Phoneme substitution - ✔✔ correct answer substitute one phoneme from another to make a new word
Fluency - ✔✔ correct answer means to read a text accurately and quickly
Vocabulary - ✔✔ correct answer refers to the word people must know to communicate effectively
Affixes - ✔✔ correct answer word parts that are "fixed to" either the beginning of words (prefixes) or the
end of words (suffixes)
Base Words - ✔✔ correct answer words from which many other words are formed
Word Roots - ✔✔ correct answer words from other languages that are the origin of many English words
Metacognition - ✔✔ correct answer "thinking about thinking", strategies to think about and have control
over their reading
Poetry - ✔✔ correct answer communicates through linguistic imagery, sounds of words, and a rhythmic
quality
Epic - ✔✔ correct answer a very long narrative poem, usually about a single heroic person. Includes
monumental sweep, embrace the essence of an entire nation, and frequently include mythical forces
that influence the inevitable battles and conflicts.
Lyric - ✔✔ correct answer related to an epic, but it is shorter and presents profound feelings or ideas.
Fable - ✔✔ correct answer short literacy piece designed to present a moral or truth
