Cognitive Psychology- Chapter 5 Exam Bank Solution Manual Already Passed
Modal model memory - Answers was proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin that describes memory as
mechanisms that involves processing information through a series of stages. The stages or structural
features of the model are sensory, short-term, long-term memory.
Modal Model Memory flow chart - Answers Sensory Memory → Short-term memory (rehearsal; returns
to STM)→ output/ [→/←] Long-term memory
Sensory memory - Answers is the initial stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or
fractions of a second.
What did Sperling's experiment on sensory memory show us? - Answers he wondered how much
information people could take in from a briefly presented stimulus. He tested this by flashing an array of
letters on a screen for 50 milliseconds and then asked participants to report as many letters as possible.
In his experiment, used whole report method, where participants were only able to recall 4.5 of the 12
letters and partial report method
What did the partial report show us that the whole report didn't? - Answers it showed that participants
were able to focus their attention on one of the rows; they correctly reported 3.3 of 4 letters (82%) in
that row. Because participants saw an average of 82% of the letters no matter which row was cued,
Sperling concluded that the correct description of what was happening was that immediately after
display was presented, participants saw an average of 82% of the letters in the whole display, but were
not able to report all of these letter because they rapidly faded as the initial letters were being reported.
What's Sperling's methods? - Answers whole report method, partial report method, and delay partial
method
Whole report method - Answers participants were asked to report as many letters as possible from the
whole matrix
Partial report method - Answers same as whole report method but immediately after he sounded a cue
to tones (high pitched (top row), Medium pitched (middle row), low pitched (bottom row)), which
indicate which row of letters the participants were to report.
Delayed partial report method - Answers same as partial report method, but the presentation of cue
tones was delayed for fractions of a second after the letters were extinguished.
What were Sperling's results? - Answers The graph (figure 5.6_ showed the percentage of letters
available to participants vs. delay of tone (seconds). It indicates that immediately after a stimulus is
presented, all or most of the stimulus is available for perception (sensory memory). Then over the next
second, sensory memory fades until by 1 second, the number of letters is about the same as the number
of letters that were reported using the whole report method.
What is the capacity and duration of STM? - Answers 15-30 seconds
Modal model memory - Answers was proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin that describes memory as
mechanisms that involves processing information through a series of stages. The stages or structural
features of the model are sensory, short-term, long-term memory.
Modal Model Memory flow chart - Answers Sensory Memory → Short-term memory (rehearsal; returns
to STM)→ output/ [→/←] Long-term memory
Sensory memory - Answers is the initial stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or
fractions of a second.
What did Sperling's experiment on sensory memory show us? - Answers he wondered how much
information people could take in from a briefly presented stimulus. He tested this by flashing an array of
letters on a screen for 50 milliseconds and then asked participants to report as many letters as possible.
In his experiment, used whole report method, where participants were only able to recall 4.5 of the 12
letters and partial report method
What did the partial report show us that the whole report didn't? - Answers it showed that participants
were able to focus their attention on one of the rows; they correctly reported 3.3 of 4 letters (82%) in
that row. Because participants saw an average of 82% of the letters no matter which row was cued,
Sperling concluded that the correct description of what was happening was that immediately after
display was presented, participants saw an average of 82% of the letters in the whole display, but were
not able to report all of these letter because they rapidly faded as the initial letters were being reported.
What's Sperling's methods? - Answers whole report method, partial report method, and delay partial
method
Whole report method - Answers participants were asked to report as many letters as possible from the
whole matrix
Partial report method - Answers same as whole report method but immediately after he sounded a cue
to tones (high pitched (top row), Medium pitched (middle row), low pitched (bottom row)), which
indicate which row of letters the participants were to report.
Delayed partial report method - Answers same as partial report method, but the presentation of cue
tones was delayed for fractions of a second after the letters were extinguished.
What were Sperling's results? - Answers The graph (figure 5.6_ showed the percentage of letters
available to participants vs. delay of tone (seconds). It indicates that immediately after a stimulus is
presented, all or most of the stimulus is available for perception (sensory memory). Then over the next
second, sensory memory fades until by 1 second, the number of letters is about the same as the number
of letters that were reported using the whole report method.
What is the capacity and duration of STM? - Answers 15-30 seconds
