ATLS: PEDIATRIC TRAUMA QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025

ATLS- PEDIATRIC TRAUMA QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2024-2025
StatsJ-JcorrectJanswer--JinjuryJisJtheJmostJcommonJcauseJofJmortality/morbidityJinJchildhood
-JMVA-
associatedJinjuriesJareJtheJmostJcommonJcauseJofJdeathJinJchildrenJofJallJagesJ(followedJbyJdrowning,JhouseJ
fires,JhomicidesJandJfalls)
-JChildJphysicalJabuseJaccountsJforJmajorityJofJhomicidesJinJinfants
-JFirearmJinjuriesJaccountJforJmajorityJofJhomicidesJinJchildren/adolescents
-JFallsJaccountJforJmajorityJofJallJpediatricJinjuriesJbutJinfrequentlyJcauseJdeath
-JmostJseriousJpediatricJtraumaJisJbluntJtraumaJinvolvingJtheJbrain
-
J60%JofJchildrenJwhoJsustainJsevereJmultisystemJtraumaJhaveJresidualJpersonalityJchangesJatJ1JyrJafterJhospi

tlaJdisJchargeJandJ50%JshowJcognitive/physicalJhandicaps
-J50%JofJseriouslyJinjuredJchildrenJshowJsocial/affective/learningJdisabilities
-J2/3JofJsiblingsJofJchildrenJwithJinjuriesJshowJpersonalityJandJemotionalJdisturbances


WhatJaspectsJofJchildhoodJanatomyJneedJtoJbeJconsidered?J-JcorrectJanswer-1.JsmallerJbodyJmass--
>JenergyJimpartedJfromJbumpers/fallsJresultsJinJaJGREATERJforceJappliedJperJunitJofJbodyJareaJ(moreJinten
seJenergyJisJtransmittedJtoJaJbodyJthatJhasJlessJfat/connectiveJtissueJandJcloseJproximityJofJmultipleJorgansJ--
>JhighJfrequencyJofJmultipleJinjuries
2.JheadJproportionatelyJlargerJ-->JhigherJfrequencyJofJbluntJbrainJinjuries
3.JskeletonJisJincompletelyJcalcified,JcontainsJmultipleJactiveJgrowthJcentresJandJisJmoreJpliable---
>JinternalJorganJdamageJoftenJoccursJwithoutJoverlyingJbonyJfractureJegJrib#JareJuncommonJbutJpulmonaryJ
contusionJisJnot.JSkullJorJribJfracturesJsuggestsJMASSIVEJtransferJofJenergy
4.JsurfaceJarea:JbodyJvolumeJdecreasesJasJchildJmaturesJ-->JhypothermiaJmayJdevelopJquickly
J



5.JpsychologicalJstatus-->JemotionalJinstabilityJ-->JregressiveJbehaviour
6.Jlong-termJeffects-JeffectJonJsubsequentJgrowthJandJdevelopmentJandJpsychologicalJimpact


HowJdoJIJapplyJATLSJprinciplesJtoJtheJtreatmentJofJchildren?J-JcorrectJanswer-AIRWAYJ+Jc-spine-
Jestablish/maintainJpatencyJandJadequateJoxygenation.



-JifJspontaneousJbreathingJandJpartialJobstructionJuseJjaw-thrustJ+JbimanualJin-lineJimmobilisation
-JifJunconscious,JmechanicalJmethodsJareJneeded
-JALWAYSJpreoxygenateJfullyJbeforeJattemptingJmechanicalJairway
1)JoralJairway-JuseJtongueJdepressorJandJgentlyJinsertJdirectlyJintoJoropharynx

, 2)JorotrachealJintubation
-JuseJuncuffedJtubeJinitiallyJ(espJifJ<9yo)JtoJavoidJsubglotticJedema,JulcerationJandJdisruptionJofJairway


BREATHING
CIRCULATIONJANDJSHOCK
J



-
JearliestJsignsJofJhypovolemiaJareJtachycardiaJandJpoorJskinJperfusion.JAlsoJnarrowingJofJpulseJpressure,Jwe

akeningJofJperipheralJpulses,JskinJmottling,JcoolJextremities,JdecreasedJLOCJinJresponseJtoJpain.
-JLaterJchanges-JdecreaseJinJBPJandJUO
-JnilJBPJchangesJuntilJ30%JbloodJloss
-
JhypotensionJinJaJchildJrepresentsJaJstateJofJDECOMPENSATEDJSHOCKJandJindicatesJsevereJbloodJlossJ>

45%JbloodJvolume
-
JwhenJshockJsuspectedJgiveJIVFJbolusJ20mL/kg,JafterJ3JxJboluses,JitJmayJbeJnecessaryJtoJadministerJpRBCJb

olusJofJ10mL/kg
-
JvenousJaccess:J2JxJattemptsJatJIVC,JthenJintraosseousJinfusionJviaJBMJneedleJ(18GJinfants,J15GJyoungJchild

ren)
-JUOJ1-
2mL/kgJandJurineJspecificJgravityJisJaJgoodJmethodJofJdeterminingJadequacyJofJvolumeJresuscitation,Jstraig
htJcatheterJratherJthanJaJballoonJcatheterJcanJbeJused
-Jthermoregulation


AIRWAYJANATOMYJ-JcorrectJanswer--
JtheJsmallerJtheJchild,JtheJgreaterJtheJdisproportionJbetweenJsizeJofJcraniumJandJmidfaceJ--

>JpropensityJforJposteriorJpharynxJtoJbuckleJanteriorlyJdueJtoJpassiveJflexionJfoJtheJc-
spineJ(causedJbyJlargeJocciput)
-JsoftJtissuesJinJinfants'JoropharynxJieJtonsilsJandJtongueJareJrelativelyJlargeJcfJoralJcavityJ--
>JdifficultJtoJvisualiseJtheJlarynx
-Jchild'sJlarynxJisJfunnel-shapedJ--
>JsecretionsJaccumulateJinJtheJretropharyngealJarea.JItJisJalsoJmoreJcephaladJandJanteriorJinJtheJneck
-JvocalJcordsJhaveJaJmoreJanterocaudalJangle
-JinfantJtracheaJisJ5cmJlongJ(ieJshort),JgrowsJbyJ7cmJbyJaboutJ18Jmonths
-JsmallestJareaJofJtheJyoungJchildsJairwayJisJtheJcricoidJring