PEDIATRIC EOR EXAM FOR PA LATEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
____ is crying for no apparent reason that lasts for greater or equal to 3 hours/day and occurs at least 3
days/week in an otherwise healthy baby < 3 months of age. - ANSWER-Colic
What is the physical exam done to rule out in colic? - ANSWER-intussusception, strangulated
hernia, tongue tied, thrush, ears, diaper rash
What sex and race has the highest incidence of GERD due to increased frequency of transient LES
relaxations? - ANSWER-white, boys
If alarm sx for GERD are present ie. dysphagia, GI bleeding, weight loss -- think what? -
ANSWERadenocarcinoma or stricture
What's the gold standard for identifying reflux? - ANSWER-esophageal pH monitoring
Tx of constipation:
a. osmotic laxatives ie. polyethylene glycol, glycerin, lactulose, or sorbitol allows what as MOA?
b. emollient laxatives ie. docusate sodium or mineral oil works to promote softening -- useful in ___.
c. saline agents ie. Mg, PO4, SO4, citrate salts, useful in ___.
d. stimulants ie. Senna & bisacodyl are for ___. - ANSWER-a. allows water to enter lumen of colon b.
prevention
c. acute evacuation
d. acute constipation
Pyloric stenosis or hypertrophic pyloric sphincter is most common in what sex and age? - ANSWER-male
predominance; 2 weeks - 2 months
,In pyloric stenosis, what kind of vomiting do you see? Physical exam finding? Sign on barium upper GI? -
ANSWER-projectile vomiting; olive shaped mass on PE; string sign on upper GI
What abnormal lab finding is unique to pyloric stenosis? - ANSWER-hypocholoremic alkalosis with
hypokalemia -- from regurgitation of stomach acid also (Dr. Dupay)
What is the most common location in the intestine is intussusception found? - ANSWER-illeocecal valve
Intussusception: ____ stool; abdominal film shows lack of ____; u/s shows ___ sign; ___ is diagnostic &
therpeutic; ___ mass; associated with ___ vaccine. Dr. Dupay's PE finding/alarm sx? - ANSWER-Current
jelly stool; lack of bowel gas; target/donut sign; Barium enema; sausage shaped mass; rotavirus vaccine;
waxing and waning mental status and no fever
__ is congenital absence of Meissner & Aurebach autonomic plexuses enervating the bowel wall. Failure
of meconium; presents in 1st 24-48 hours. - ANSWER-Hirchsprung disease
Foreign body: removal via __ if caustic, sharp, or lodged objects. - ANSWER-esophagogastroscopy
Hepatitis __ & __ are spread via the fecal-oral route. - ANSWER-Hep A & E
Hepatitis __ & __ are spread via the parenteral or sexual route. - ANSWER-Hep B & D
Hepatitis __ is spread via the parenteral route. - ANSWER-Hep C
3 phases of Hepatitis:
___ -- lab tests normal and patient is asymptomatic.
___ -- sx are malaise, nausea, decreased appetite, vague abdominal pain, viral antibodies appear,
transaminases increase
___ -- serum transaminases reach peak, urine darkens, stool lightens, bili > 3.0mg/dL, JAUNDICE -
ANSWER-incubation, pre-icteric, icteric
, Hep __ & __ are treated with immunoglobulin (IG). - ANSWER-Hep A & B
Kernicterus results from toxic bili levels ____and is associated with encephalopathy. - ANSWER-bili
levels > 20-25 mg/dL
Jaundice within the 1st 24 hours of life must be evaluated immediately and is associated with __ & __. -
ANSWER-sepsis & erythroblastosis fetalis
___ occurs in a baby with an Rh positive father and previously sensitized Rh negative mother. Tx:
exchange transfusion. Prevent with Rhogam. - ANSWER-Erythroblastosis fetalis
___ -- increased bilirubin that is most commonly from hemolytic anemia. Pre-hepatic. -
ANSWERunconjugated bilirubin
___ -- increased bilirubin that is most commonly from physiologic or breast milk jaundice. -
ANSWERconjugated bilirubin
What is present in some breast milk that can cause jaundice? - ANSWER-inhibitor of bilirubin
conjugation
___ benefits all jaundice. - ANSWER-Phototherapy
___ is the complete congenital obstruction of the lumen of a hollow viscus. Most frequent cause of
bowel obstruction in newborn. Bilious vomiting without distension. Double bubble appearance. Tx:
nasogastric tube, duodenostomy. - ANSWER-Atresia
___ is the most common surgical procedure in children. ___ is the most common type. ___ is acquired as
a result of weakness of the transversalis fascia in Hesselbach's triangle (inferior epigastric vessels,
inguinal ligament, and rectus sheath). - ANSWER-Inguinal hernia; Indirect hernia; Direct hernia
___ hernias are trapped in a weak part of the abdominal wall. This can lead to ___ or a lack of blood
flow. - ANSWER-Incarcerated; strangulated
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
____ is crying for no apparent reason that lasts for greater or equal to 3 hours/day and occurs at least 3
days/week in an otherwise healthy baby < 3 months of age. - ANSWER-Colic
What is the physical exam done to rule out in colic? - ANSWER-intussusception, strangulated
hernia, tongue tied, thrush, ears, diaper rash
What sex and race has the highest incidence of GERD due to increased frequency of transient LES
relaxations? - ANSWER-white, boys
If alarm sx for GERD are present ie. dysphagia, GI bleeding, weight loss -- think what? -
ANSWERadenocarcinoma or stricture
What's the gold standard for identifying reflux? - ANSWER-esophageal pH monitoring
Tx of constipation:
a. osmotic laxatives ie. polyethylene glycol, glycerin, lactulose, or sorbitol allows what as MOA?
b. emollient laxatives ie. docusate sodium or mineral oil works to promote softening -- useful in ___.
c. saline agents ie. Mg, PO4, SO4, citrate salts, useful in ___.
d. stimulants ie. Senna & bisacodyl are for ___. - ANSWER-a. allows water to enter lumen of colon b.
prevention
c. acute evacuation
d. acute constipation
Pyloric stenosis or hypertrophic pyloric sphincter is most common in what sex and age? - ANSWER-male
predominance; 2 weeks - 2 months
,In pyloric stenosis, what kind of vomiting do you see? Physical exam finding? Sign on barium upper GI? -
ANSWER-projectile vomiting; olive shaped mass on PE; string sign on upper GI
What abnormal lab finding is unique to pyloric stenosis? - ANSWER-hypocholoremic alkalosis with
hypokalemia -- from regurgitation of stomach acid also (Dr. Dupay)
What is the most common location in the intestine is intussusception found? - ANSWER-illeocecal valve
Intussusception: ____ stool; abdominal film shows lack of ____; u/s shows ___ sign; ___ is diagnostic &
therpeutic; ___ mass; associated with ___ vaccine. Dr. Dupay's PE finding/alarm sx? - ANSWER-Current
jelly stool; lack of bowel gas; target/donut sign; Barium enema; sausage shaped mass; rotavirus vaccine;
waxing and waning mental status and no fever
__ is congenital absence of Meissner & Aurebach autonomic plexuses enervating the bowel wall. Failure
of meconium; presents in 1st 24-48 hours. - ANSWER-Hirchsprung disease
Foreign body: removal via __ if caustic, sharp, or lodged objects. - ANSWER-esophagogastroscopy
Hepatitis __ & __ are spread via the fecal-oral route. - ANSWER-Hep A & E
Hepatitis __ & __ are spread via the parenteral or sexual route. - ANSWER-Hep B & D
Hepatitis __ is spread via the parenteral route. - ANSWER-Hep C
3 phases of Hepatitis:
___ -- lab tests normal and patient is asymptomatic.
___ -- sx are malaise, nausea, decreased appetite, vague abdominal pain, viral antibodies appear,
transaminases increase
___ -- serum transaminases reach peak, urine darkens, stool lightens, bili > 3.0mg/dL, JAUNDICE -
ANSWER-incubation, pre-icteric, icteric
, Hep __ & __ are treated with immunoglobulin (IG). - ANSWER-Hep A & B
Kernicterus results from toxic bili levels ____and is associated with encephalopathy. - ANSWER-bili
levels > 20-25 mg/dL
Jaundice within the 1st 24 hours of life must be evaluated immediately and is associated with __ & __. -
ANSWER-sepsis & erythroblastosis fetalis
___ occurs in a baby with an Rh positive father and previously sensitized Rh negative mother. Tx:
exchange transfusion. Prevent with Rhogam. - ANSWER-Erythroblastosis fetalis
___ -- increased bilirubin that is most commonly from hemolytic anemia. Pre-hepatic. -
ANSWERunconjugated bilirubin
___ -- increased bilirubin that is most commonly from physiologic or breast milk jaundice. -
ANSWERconjugated bilirubin
What is present in some breast milk that can cause jaundice? - ANSWER-inhibitor of bilirubin
conjugation
___ benefits all jaundice. - ANSWER-Phototherapy
___ is the complete congenital obstruction of the lumen of a hollow viscus. Most frequent cause of
bowel obstruction in newborn. Bilious vomiting without distension. Double bubble appearance. Tx:
nasogastric tube, duodenostomy. - ANSWER-Atresia
___ is the most common surgical procedure in children. ___ is the most common type. ___ is acquired as
a result of weakness of the transversalis fascia in Hesselbach's triangle (inferior epigastric vessels,
inguinal ligament, and rectus sheath). - ANSWER-Inguinal hernia; Indirect hernia; Direct hernia
___ hernias are trapped in a weak part of the abdominal wall. This can lead to ___ or a lack of blood
flow. - ANSWER-Incarcerated; strangulated
