BIO 311C SATA FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Why study cellular and molecular biology? - Answers - To genetically alter DNA or to
develop cures and diagnostics to improve life in a fundamental and precise way
What are the emergent properties of life? pg.2 - Answers - Reproduction
Growth and Development
Order and Structure
Metabolism
Respiration
Response to environmental stimuli
Adaption and evolution
Autonomous movement
What is a model system and know common names of examples? - Answers - its
representative organism or cell type used for conducting simple or complex biological
experiments
exs: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes
What are holistic and reductionist approaches to study life? - Answers - holism: study
whole organisms for behavioral, physiological and nutritional studies
Reductionism: study multicellular organisms at the cellular or tissue levels
Can you differentiate between in vivo and in vitro studies? - Answers - in vivo: under
living conditions
in vitro: non-living (abiotic) conditions
What is biological hierarchy?
pg.5 - Answers - atoms →molecules → macromolecules→ parts of cells → cells→
tissues→ organs→ organ systems→ organisms→ population→ community→
ecosystem→ biome
Name the 3 domains and 4 kingdoms of the domain, eukarya. - Answers - Domains:
Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya
Eukarya kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
How to calculate mass number and molecular weight? - Answers - mass number: sum
of the number of protons and neutrons
molecular weight: weight of atom
What are valence electrons and what are the valences of C, N, O, P, Na, Cl & H? -
Answers - valence electrons are electrons in the outermost orbitals
C=4 N=3 O=2 P=5 Na=1 Cl=7 H=1
Covalent bonds - Answers - covalent bonds: two atoms share a pair of electrons
, polar: share unequally
non-polar: share equally
Ionic Bonds - Answers - when electronegativity of one atom is greater than the adjoining
atom
H-bonding - Answers - when a hydrogen covalently attached to one electronegative
atom is attracted to another electronegative atom
van der waals - Answers - constantly changing positive and negative charges make
temporary forces which contributes to polarity
Hydrophobic/phillic interations - Answers - hydrophillic: water loving, polar, charged
molecules soluble in water
hydrophobic: water fearing, non-polar, lip-soluble among polar molecules
bond strength in increasing order - Answers - covalent >ionic > H-bonding > hydrophilic
> Van der Waals
What is the relation between properties of water and H bonding? How do they help
support life on earth? - Answers - organisms are made up of 95% water
see page. 11 for properties
What are acids, bases and buffers? - Answers - acids: proton donor, pH decrease
Bases: proton acceptor, pH increase
Buffers: partly acid and partly base, donate or accept H+ ions to minimize pH change
monomers - Answers - the individual units that make up a larger molecule
polymers - Answers - molecules composed of many monomers; makes up
macromolecules
macromolecules - Answers - large biological molecules
Semiconservative DNA replication means that
A) only half of each DNA strand is copied and the other half is not copied.
B) only one strand of DNA is copied and the other strand is not copied.
C) one half the DNA strand is preserved and the other half is degraded.
D) DNA is used as a template to replicate the new strand resulting in half old and half
new.
E) cell replicates the DNA half way through the cell cycle in a conservative manner. -
Answers - D
A DNA template of 5' to 3 'direction is copied from the other direction starting at the 3'
end of the template DNA. This is because
Why study cellular and molecular biology? - Answers - To genetically alter DNA or to
develop cures and diagnostics to improve life in a fundamental and precise way
What are the emergent properties of life? pg.2 - Answers - Reproduction
Growth and Development
Order and Structure
Metabolism
Respiration
Response to environmental stimuli
Adaption and evolution
Autonomous movement
What is a model system and know common names of examples? - Answers - its
representative organism or cell type used for conducting simple or complex biological
experiments
exs: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes
What are holistic and reductionist approaches to study life? - Answers - holism: study
whole organisms for behavioral, physiological and nutritional studies
Reductionism: study multicellular organisms at the cellular or tissue levels
Can you differentiate between in vivo and in vitro studies? - Answers - in vivo: under
living conditions
in vitro: non-living (abiotic) conditions
What is biological hierarchy?
pg.5 - Answers - atoms →molecules → macromolecules→ parts of cells → cells→
tissues→ organs→ organ systems→ organisms→ population→ community→
ecosystem→ biome
Name the 3 domains and 4 kingdoms of the domain, eukarya. - Answers - Domains:
Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya
Eukarya kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
How to calculate mass number and molecular weight? - Answers - mass number: sum
of the number of protons and neutrons
molecular weight: weight of atom
What are valence electrons and what are the valences of C, N, O, P, Na, Cl & H? -
Answers - valence electrons are electrons in the outermost orbitals
C=4 N=3 O=2 P=5 Na=1 Cl=7 H=1
Covalent bonds - Answers - covalent bonds: two atoms share a pair of electrons
, polar: share unequally
non-polar: share equally
Ionic Bonds - Answers - when electronegativity of one atom is greater than the adjoining
atom
H-bonding - Answers - when a hydrogen covalently attached to one electronegative
atom is attracted to another electronegative atom
van der waals - Answers - constantly changing positive and negative charges make
temporary forces which contributes to polarity
Hydrophobic/phillic interations - Answers - hydrophillic: water loving, polar, charged
molecules soluble in water
hydrophobic: water fearing, non-polar, lip-soluble among polar molecules
bond strength in increasing order - Answers - covalent >ionic > H-bonding > hydrophilic
> Van der Waals
What is the relation between properties of water and H bonding? How do they help
support life on earth? - Answers - organisms are made up of 95% water
see page. 11 for properties
What are acids, bases and buffers? - Answers - acids: proton donor, pH decrease
Bases: proton acceptor, pH increase
Buffers: partly acid and partly base, donate or accept H+ ions to minimize pH change
monomers - Answers - the individual units that make up a larger molecule
polymers - Answers - molecules composed of many monomers; makes up
macromolecules
macromolecules - Answers - large biological molecules
Semiconservative DNA replication means that
A) only half of each DNA strand is copied and the other half is not copied.
B) only one strand of DNA is copied and the other strand is not copied.
C) one half the DNA strand is preserved and the other half is degraded.
D) DNA is used as a template to replicate the new strand resulting in half old and half
new.
E) cell replicates the DNA half way through the cell cycle in a conservative manner. -
Answers - D
A DNA template of 5' to 3 'direction is copied from the other direction starting at the 3'
end of the template DNA. This is because
