NCLEX Endocrine System Exam 2023
Arrange the series of reactions that occurs when plasma volume and osmolarity are
disturbed.
1. Increased blood volume
2. Change in posture
3. Increased reabsorption of water and sodium
4. Formation of active form of angiotensin
5. Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I - ANSWER 2. Change in posture
5. Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
4. Formation of active form of angiotensin
3. Increased reabsorption of water and sodium
1. Increased blood volume
A client's laboratory report reveals decreased serum and salivary cortisol levels and
increased serum potassium level from hypofunctioning of the adrenal gland. The client is
prescribed fludrocortisone. Which nursing action in the follow-up visit minimizes risk of a
potential side effect of medication?
A. Monitoring the client's blood pressure
B. Monitoring the client's body temperature
C. Instructing the client to take the drug along with food
D. Instructing the client to report occurrence of uncontrolled watery stools - ANSWER
A. Monitoring the client's blood pressure
The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having hypercortisolism. Which questions
should the nurse ask to help confirm the diagnosis? Select all that apply.
A. "Did you lose any weight unintentionally?"
B. "Did you notice your extremities to be thin?"
C. "Did you notice any roughness of your skin?"
D. "Did you notice any skin darkening recently?"
,E. "Did the hair on your body become thicker?" - ANSWER B. "Did you notice your
extremities to be thin?"
E. "Did the hair on your body become thicker?"
A client has a glycosylated hemoglobin measurement of 6%. What should the nurse
conclude about this client when planning teaching strategies based on the results of this
laboratory test?
A. The client is experiencing a rebound hyperglycemia.
B. The client needs the insulin changed to a different type.
C. The client has followed the treatment plan as prescribed.
D. The client requires further teaching regarding nutritional guidelines. - ANSWER C.
The client has followed the treatment plan as prescribed.
Which clinical indicator should the nurse identify as expected for a client with type 2
diabetes?
A. Ketones in the blood but not in the urine
B. Glucose in the urine but not hyperglycemia
C. Hyperglycemia and urine negative for ketones
D. Blood and urine positive for both glucose and ketones - ANSWER C. Hyperglycemia
and urine negative for ketones
Which hormone regulates blood levels of calcium?
A. Parathormone
B. Luteinizing hormone
C. Thyroid stimulating hormone
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - ANSWER A. Parathormone
(Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone, regulates the blood levels of calcium and
phosphorus.)
, A client with type 2 diabetes has been receiving insulin in the hospital while being
treated for sepsis. The client's infection is resolving and the primary healthcare provider
writes a prescription to discontinue the 7:00 AM dose of insulin and to administer
glyburide 5 mg twice daily (8:00 AM and 8:00 PM). The nurse on the day shift (8:00 AM
to 4:00 PM) administers the glyburide at 8:30 AM. When recording its administration in
the client's record, the nurse sees that the insulin had already been administered at 7:00
AM. What initial action should the nurse take?
A. Measure the vital signs.
B. Notify the primary healthcare provider.
C. Assess for signs of ketoacidosis.
D. Check blood glucose for hypoglycemia. - ANSWER D. Check blood glucose for
hypoglycemia.
Because of multiple physical injuries and emotional concerns, a hospitalized client is at
high risk to develop a stress ulcer (Curling). Which of these is evidence of a stress
ulcer?
A. Unexplained shock
B. Melena for several days
C. A sudden massive hemorrhage
D. A gradual drop in the hematocrit value - ANSWER C. A sudden massive
hemorrhage
A nurse is caring for a client with a tentative diagnosis of pheochromocytoma who is
receiving chlorpromazine. A 24-hour urine specimen to assess the presence of
vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is prescribed to assist in confirmation of the diagnosis. What
information should the nurse include in the client teaching regarding this test? Select all
that apply.
A. The client may take chlorpromazine during the test.
Arrange the series of reactions that occurs when plasma volume and osmolarity are
disturbed.
1. Increased blood volume
2. Change in posture
3. Increased reabsorption of water and sodium
4. Formation of active form of angiotensin
5. Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I - ANSWER 2. Change in posture
5. Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
4. Formation of active form of angiotensin
3. Increased reabsorption of water and sodium
1. Increased blood volume
A client's laboratory report reveals decreased serum and salivary cortisol levels and
increased serum potassium level from hypofunctioning of the adrenal gland. The client is
prescribed fludrocortisone. Which nursing action in the follow-up visit minimizes risk of a
potential side effect of medication?
A. Monitoring the client's blood pressure
B. Monitoring the client's body temperature
C. Instructing the client to take the drug along with food
D. Instructing the client to report occurrence of uncontrolled watery stools - ANSWER
A. Monitoring the client's blood pressure
The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having hypercortisolism. Which questions
should the nurse ask to help confirm the diagnosis? Select all that apply.
A. "Did you lose any weight unintentionally?"
B. "Did you notice your extremities to be thin?"
C. "Did you notice any roughness of your skin?"
D. "Did you notice any skin darkening recently?"
,E. "Did the hair on your body become thicker?" - ANSWER B. "Did you notice your
extremities to be thin?"
E. "Did the hair on your body become thicker?"
A client has a glycosylated hemoglobin measurement of 6%. What should the nurse
conclude about this client when planning teaching strategies based on the results of this
laboratory test?
A. The client is experiencing a rebound hyperglycemia.
B. The client needs the insulin changed to a different type.
C. The client has followed the treatment plan as prescribed.
D. The client requires further teaching regarding nutritional guidelines. - ANSWER C.
The client has followed the treatment plan as prescribed.
Which clinical indicator should the nurse identify as expected for a client with type 2
diabetes?
A. Ketones in the blood but not in the urine
B. Glucose in the urine but not hyperglycemia
C. Hyperglycemia and urine negative for ketones
D. Blood and urine positive for both glucose and ketones - ANSWER C. Hyperglycemia
and urine negative for ketones
Which hormone regulates blood levels of calcium?
A. Parathormone
B. Luteinizing hormone
C. Thyroid stimulating hormone
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - ANSWER A. Parathormone
(Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone, regulates the blood levels of calcium and
phosphorus.)
, A client with type 2 diabetes has been receiving insulin in the hospital while being
treated for sepsis. The client's infection is resolving and the primary healthcare provider
writes a prescription to discontinue the 7:00 AM dose of insulin and to administer
glyburide 5 mg twice daily (8:00 AM and 8:00 PM). The nurse on the day shift (8:00 AM
to 4:00 PM) administers the glyburide at 8:30 AM. When recording its administration in
the client's record, the nurse sees that the insulin had already been administered at 7:00
AM. What initial action should the nurse take?
A. Measure the vital signs.
B. Notify the primary healthcare provider.
C. Assess for signs of ketoacidosis.
D. Check blood glucose for hypoglycemia. - ANSWER D. Check blood glucose for
hypoglycemia.
Because of multiple physical injuries and emotional concerns, a hospitalized client is at
high risk to develop a stress ulcer (Curling). Which of these is evidence of a stress
ulcer?
A. Unexplained shock
B. Melena for several days
C. A sudden massive hemorrhage
D. A gradual drop in the hematocrit value - ANSWER C. A sudden massive
hemorrhage
A nurse is caring for a client with a tentative diagnosis of pheochromocytoma who is
receiving chlorpromazine. A 24-hour urine specimen to assess the presence of
vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is prescribed to assist in confirmation of the diagnosis. What
information should the nurse include in the client teaching regarding this test? Select all
that apply.
A. The client may take chlorpromazine during the test.
