Introduction to Communication Research Methods Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest
Update 2024-2025 (Already Passed)
Survey Research - Answers Systematic sampling to measure population characteristics.
Questionnaire - Answers Set of questions used for data collection.
Items - Answers Questions or statements assessing specific variables.
Endpoints - Answers Defined points on a scale for responses.
Likert Scaling - Answers Rating scale measuring attitudes or opinions.
Semantic Differential Scale - Answers Scale measuring emotional responses between two extremes.
Closed-ended Questions - Answers Questions with predefined answer options.
Open-ended Questions - Answers Questions allowing free-form responses.
Demographic Items - Answers Data on participant characteristics, not predictive.
Special Items - Answers Catch-all questions for unanticipated insights.
Response Rates - Answers Percentage of completed surveys returned.
Incentives - Answers Rewards offered to increase survey participation.
Social Desirability Bias - Answers Tendency to respond in socially acceptable ways.
Acquiescence Bias - Answers Participants' tendency to agree with statements.
Causal Claims - Answers Statements asserting cause-effect relationships.
Independent Variable (IV) - Answers Manipulated factor to observe effects.
Dependent Variable (DV) - Answers Measured outcome affected by IV.
Experimental Design - Answers Method altering IV to study its impact.
Between-subjects Design - Answers Participants experience one level of IV.
Within-subjects Design - Answers Participants experience all levels of IV.
Random Assignment - Answers Participants randomly placed in conditions.
Control Condition - Answers Group receiving no exposure to IV.
Confound - Answers Extraneous variable affecting results.
Carryover Effect - Answers Bias from previous conditions affecting responses.
, Medium - Answers Variable influencing the relationship between IV and DV.
Random Selection - Answers Method of choosing participants from a population.
Extraneous Variable - Answers An additional independent variable affecting results.
Internal Validity - Answers Degree to which results are attributable to the treatment.
Comparison Group - Answers Group used as a benchmark for evaluating treatment effects.
Between-Subjects Design - Answers Different participants in each treatment condition.
Quasi-Experiment - Answers Study lacking random assignment but assessing treatment effects.
External Validity - Answers Extent to which findings generalize to other settings.
Within-Subjects Design - Answers Same participants exposed to all treatment conditions.
Pretest/Posttest - Answers Measurements taken before and after treatment.
Time Series - Answers Repeated observations over time to assess changes.
Laboratory Experiment - Answers Controlled environment with high internal validity.
Field Experiment - Answers Conducted in natural settings with high realism.
Nominal Measurement - Answers Categorical data without inherent order or ranking.
Ordinal Measurement - Answers Data with a defined order but no equal intervals.
Interval Measurement - Answers Data with equal intervals but no true zero point.
Ratio Measurement - Answers Data with a true zero point and meaningful ratios.
Descriptive Statistics - Answers Summarizes and describes characteristics of data.
Inferential Statistics - Answers Estimates population parameters from sample data.
Central Tendency - Answers Measures that summarize the center of data distribution.
Standard Deviation (SD) - Answers Measures the spread of scores around the mean.
Null Hypothesis - Answers Prediction stating no effect or relationship exists.
Significance Level (p) - Answers Probability threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis.
Pearson's r - Answers Correlation coefficient measuring linear relationship strength.
T-Test - Answers Statistical test comparing means between two groups.
Update 2024-2025 (Already Passed)
Survey Research - Answers Systematic sampling to measure population characteristics.
Questionnaire - Answers Set of questions used for data collection.
Items - Answers Questions or statements assessing specific variables.
Endpoints - Answers Defined points on a scale for responses.
Likert Scaling - Answers Rating scale measuring attitudes or opinions.
Semantic Differential Scale - Answers Scale measuring emotional responses between two extremes.
Closed-ended Questions - Answers Questions with predefined answer options.
Open-ended Questions - Answers Questions allowing free-form responses.
Demographic Items - Answers Data on participant characteristics, not predictive.
Special Items - Answers Catch-all questions for unanticipated insights.
Response Rates - Answers Percentage of completed surveys returned.
Incentives - Answers Rewards offered to increase survey participation.
Social Desirability Bias - Answers Tendency to respond in socially acceptable ways.
Acquiescence Bias - Answers Participants' tendency to agree with statements.
Causal Claims - Answers Statements asserting cause-effect relationships.
Independent Variable (IV) - Answers Manipulated factor to observe effects.
Dependent Variable (DV) - Answers Measured outcome affected by IV.
Experimental Design - Answers Method altering IV to study its impact.
Between-subjects Design - Answers Participants experience one level of IV.
Within-subjects Design - Answers Participants experience all levels of IV.
Random Assignment - Answers Participants randomly placed in conditions.
Control Condition - Answers Group receiving no exposure to IV.
Confound - Answers Extraneous variable affecting results.
Carryover Effect - Answers Bias from previous conditions affecting responses.
, Medium - Answers Variable influencing the relationship between IV and DV.
Random Selection - Answers Method of choosing participants from a population.
Extraneous Variable - Answers An additional independent variable affecting results.
Internal Validity - Answers Degree to which results are attributable to the treatment.
Comparison Group - Answers Group used as a benchmark for evaluating treatment effects.
Between-Subjects Design - Answers Different participants in each treatment condition.
Quasi-Experiment - Answers Study lacking random assignment but assessing treatment effects.
External Validity - Answers Extent to which findings generalize to other settings.
Within-Subjects Design - Answers Same participants exposed to all treatment conditions.
Pretest/Posttest - Answers Measurements taken before and after treatment.
Time Series - Answers Repeated observations over time to assess changes.
Laboratory Experiment - Answers Controlled environment with high internal validity.
Field Experiment - Answers Conducted in natural settings with high realism.
Nominal Measurement - Answers Categorical data without inherent order or ranking.
Ordinal Measurement - Answers Data with a defined order but no equal intervals.
Interval Measurement - Answers Data with equal intervals but no true zero point.
Ratio Measurement - Answers Data with a true zero point and meaningful ratios.
Descriptive Statistics - Answers Summarizes and describes characteristics of data.
Inferential Statistics - Answers Estimates population parameters from sample data.
Central Tendency - Answers Measures that summarize the center of data distribution.
Standard Deviation (SD) - Answers Measures the spread of scores around the mean.
Null Hypothesis - Answers Prediction stating no effect or relationship exists.
Significance Level (p) - Answers Probability threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis.
Pearson's r - Answers Correlation coefficient measuring linear relationship strength.
T-Test - Answers Statistical test comparing means between two groups.
