FISDAP EMT CARDIOLOGY EXAM 2024-2025
WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED RATIONALES
ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY
GRADED A+|BRAND NEW!!|GUARANTEED
PASS |LATEST UPDATE
A 56-year-old man is found to be pulseless and apneic. His wife states that he collapsed about 5 minutes
ago. As your partner gets the AED from the ambulance, you should:
A) provide rescue breaths until the AED is ready.
B) open the airway and give 2 rescue breaths.
C) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
D) ask the wife if the patient has a living will.
C) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
When you arrive on scene and determine that a patient is in cardiac arrest, you should immediately
begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. Perform 30 chest compressions and then open the
airway and deliver 2 rescue breaths. Chest compressions are a crucial part of cardiopulmonary
resuscitation and must be started without delay. Apply the AED as soon as it is available. In the
interest of this patient, whose arrest interval is short, you should begin resuscitative efforts
immediately. In some cases, it is appropriate to inquire about the presence of a living will; however,
this should be done after resuscitative efforts have begun.
Treatment for a patient with congestive heart failure and shortness of breath may include:
A) prophylactic suctioning of the airway.
B) hyperventilation with a bag-valve-mask.
C) supine positioning and elevation of the legs.
D) up to three doses of sublingual nitroglycerin.
D) up to three doses of sublingual nitroglycerin.
Treatment for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) includes supplemental oxygen as needed to
1|Page
,maintain an oxygen saturation equal to or greater than 94%, continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP), ventilatory assistance with a bag-valve-mask device if needed (do NOT hyperventilate the
patient), placing the patient in an upright or sitting position to facilitate breathing (a supine position
will clearly make it more difficult to breathe), monitoring the patient's vital signs, and transporting to
the hospital without delay. Suction the airway only if there are secretions in the mouth; prophylactic
suctioning is not indicated. Nitroglycerin (NTG) may be of value if the patient is not hypotensive and
he or she has the medication prescribed to him or her. As a vasodilator, NTG causes systemic venous
pooling of blood, which reduces the amount of blood returned to the heart (preload) and, therefore,
the amount of blood available to back up in the lungs. Follow your local protocols or contact medical
control as needed regarding the use of NTG for patients with CHF.
Switching compressors during two-rescuer CPR:
A) should take no more than 15 seconds to accomplish.
B) should occur every 2 minutes throughout the arrest.
C) is necessary only if the compressor becomes fatigued.
D) is performed after every 10 to 20 cycles of adult CPR.
B) should occur every 2 minutes throughout the arrest.
Rescuer fatigue may lead to inadequate chest compression rate and/or depth. Fatigue is common
after 1 minute of CPR, although the rescuer may not recognize it for 5 minutes or longer. Therefore,
compressors should be changed every 2 minutes (after 5 cycles of CPR at a 30:2 ratio) throughout the
resuscitation attempt. If the compressor is not switched until he or she recognizes the fatigue, the
patient has likely been without effective chest compressions for at least 4 or 5 minutes. In general,
interruptions in CPR should be infrequent and should not exceed 10 seconds. However, every effort
should be made to switch compressors in less than 5 seconds.
Which of the following describes the MOST appropriate method of performing chest compressions on
an adult patient in cardiac arrest?
A) Compress the chest at least 2 inches, allow full recoil of the chest after each compression, minimize
interruptions in chest compressions
B) Allow full recoil of the chest after each compression, compress the chest to a depth of 2 inches,
deliver compressions at a rate of at least 80/min
C) Do not interrupt chest compressions for any reason, compress the chest no more than 1½ inches,
allow partial recoil of the chest after each compression
D) Minimize interruptions in chest compressions, provide 70% compression time and 30% relaxation
time, deliver compressions at a rate of 100/min
Effective chest compressions are essential for providing forward blood flow during CPR. To perform
adequate chest compressions, the EMT should compress the chest of an adult at a rate of 100 to
120/min to a depth of at least 2 inches. A compression depth that is greater than 2.4 inches should be
avoided, although this is extremely difficult to accomplish without a CPR device the provides
immediate feedback. When performing chest compressions on an infant or child, compress the chest
at least one-third the depth of the chest (about 1½ inches for infants, about 2 inches for children).
Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression, avoid leaning on the chest, and allow equal
time for compression and relaxation. Minimize interruptions in CPR to 10 seconds or less. Obviously,
2|Page
,chest compressions must be paused when using the AED to analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm or
defibrillate and when assessing for a spontaneous pulse.
A patient reports pain in the upper midabdominal area. This region of the abdomen is called the:
A) peritoneum.
B) epigastrium.
C) mediastinum.
D) retroperitoneum.
B) epigastrium.
The mid-upper region of the abdomen is referred to as the epigastrium because of its location over
the stomach (epi = upon, gastric = stomach). This is a common site of pain or discomfort in patients
experiencing a cardiac problem, which frequently causes them to attribute their pain or discomfort to
indigestion.
A 50-year-old man presents with crushing chest pain that suddently began about 30 minutes ago. He is
diaphoretic and anxious. The EMT should:
A) obtain baseline vital signs.
B) apply supplemental oxygen.
C) administer chewable aspirin.
D) perform a complete physical exam.
C) administer chewable aspirin.
Aspirin (up to 325 mg) has clearly been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity from acute
myocardial infarction (AMI) and should be given as soon as possible to patients with suspected
cardiac chest pain (unless they are allergic to aspirin). Not all patients get oxygen, even those
experiencing AMI. Give oxygen if the patient is hypoxemic (oxygen saturation less than 94%) or is
experiencing respiratory distress. Clearly, it is important to perform a physical exam and obtain vital
signs. Of the interventions listed, however, aspirin administration has the highest priority in this
patient.
The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries that branch directly from the:
A) aorta.
B) vena cavae.
C) left atrium.
D) right ventricle.
The aorta, which is the largest artery in the human body, originates immediately from the left
ventricle. The coronary arteries branch directly off of the ascending aorta, thus allowing the
myocardium to receive blood that has the highest concentration of oxygen. The vena cavae (superior
and inferior) return oxygen-poor blood from the body back to the right atrium, where it is pumped to
the right ventricle and then to the lungs. The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the
lungs and then pumps it to the left ventricle, through the aorta, and to the body.
3|Page
, When assessing a patient who has stroke-like symptoms, you should recall that:
A) the majority strokes are caused by a ruptured cerebral artery.
B) the patient may be unable to communicate, but can often understand.
C) right-sided weakness indicates a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere.
D) fibrinolytic therapy must be given within 6 hours following the stroke.
B) the patient may be unable to communicate, but can often understand.
Some patients who have had a stroke may be unable to communicate (expressive aphasia), but they
can often understand what is being said around them; be aware of this possibility. Approximately 80
percent of all strokes are caused by an occluded cerebral artery (ischemic stroke); strokes caused by a
ruptured cerebral artery (hemorrhagic stroke) are less common. Because the left side of the brain
controls the right side of the body, and vice versa, right-sided weakness (hemiparesis) indicates a
stroke in the left cerebral hemisphere. Some patients who have had a stroke may benefit from
fibrinolytic (clot-buster) therapy; however, to be most effective, this treatment must be given within
the first 3 hours following the onset of the stroke.
The MOST important initial treatment for a patient whose cardiac arrest was witnessed is:
A) defibrillation.
B) cardiac drug therapy.
C) rapid transport.
D) high-quality CPR.
D) high-quality CPR.
Regardless of whether a patient's cardiac arrest is witnessed or unwitnessed, the single most
important initial treatment is high-quality CPR. Delays in performing CPR have been clearly linked to
poor patient outcomes. After CPR has been initiated, apply the AED as soon as it is available. Cardiac
drug therapy and rapid transport enhance the patient's chance of survival, but are useless without
minimally interrupted, high-quality CPR.
A 65-year-old man has generalized weakness and chest pressure. He has a bottle of prescribed
nitroglycerin, but states that he has not taken any of his medication. The EMT should:
A) apply the AED and prepare the patient for immediate transport.
B) administer up to 325 mg of aspirin if the patient is not allergic to it.
C) assist the patient with his nitroglycerin with medical control approval.
D) perform a secondary assessment and obtain baseline vital signs.
B) administer up to 325 mg of aspirin if the patient is not allergic to it.
Aspirin has clearly been shown to reduce mortality and morbitiy associated with acute coronary
syndrome (ACS) and should be given as early as possible; the dose is 160 to 325 mg. Even though this
patient has chest pain and prescribed nitroglycerin, you must first complete a secondary assessment
4|Page
WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED RATIONALES
ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY
GRADED A+|BRAND NEW!!|GUARANTEED
PASS |LATEST UPDATE
A 56-year-old man is found to be pulseless and apneic. His wife states that he collapsed about 5 minutes
ago. As your partner gets the AED from the ambulance, you should:
A) provide rescue breaths until the AED is ready.
B) open the airway and give 2 rescue breaths.
C) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
D) ask the wife if the patient has a living will.
C) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
When you arrive on scene and determine that a patient is in cardiac arrest, you should immediately
begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. Perform 30 chest compressions and then open the
airway and deliver 2 rescue breaths. Chest compressions are a crucial part of cardiopulmonary
resuscitation and must be started without delay. Apply the AED as soon as it is available. In the
interest of this patient, whose arrest interval is short, you should begin resuscitative efforts
immediately. In some cases, it is appropriate to inquire about the presence of a living will; however,
this should be done after resuscitative efforts have begun.
Treatment for a patient with congestive heart failure and shortness of breath may include:
A) prophylactic suctioning of the airway.
B) hyperventilation with a bag-valve-mask.
C) supine positioning and elevation of the legs.
D) up to three doses of sublingual nitroglycerin.
D) up to three doses of sublingual nitroglycerin.
Treatment for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) includes supplemental oxygen as needed to
1|Page
,maintain an oxygen saturation equal to or greater than 94%, continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP), ventilatory assistance with a bag-valve-mask device if needed (do NOT hyperventilate the
patient), placing the patient in an upright or sitting position to facilitate breathing (a supine position
will clearly make it more difficult to breathe), monitoring the patient's vital signs, and transporting to
the hospital without delay. Suction the airway only if there are secretions in the mouth; prophylactic
suctioning is not indicated. Nitroglycerin (NTG) may be of value if the patient is not hypotensive and
he or she has the medication prescribed to him or her. As a vasodilator, NTG causes systemic venous
pooling of blood, which reduces the amount of blood returned to the heart (preload) and, therefore,
the amount of blood available to back up in the lungs. Follow your local protocols or contact medical
control as needed regarding the use of NTG for patients with CHF.
Switching compressors during two-rescuer CPR:
A) should take no more than 15 seconds to accomplish.
B) should occur every 2 minutes throughout the arrest.
C) is necessary only if the compressor becomes fatigued.
D) is performed after every 10 to 20 cycles of adult CPR.
B) should occur every 2 minutes throughout the arrest.
Rescuer fatigue may lead to inadequate chest compression rate and/or depth. Fatigue is common
after 1 minute of CPR, although the rescuer may not recognize it for 5 minutes or longer. Therefore,
compressors should be changed every 2 minutes (after 5 cycles of CPR at a 30:2 ratio) throughout the
resuscitation attempt. If the compressor is not switched until he or she recognizes the fatigue, the
patient has likely been without effective chest compressions for at least 4 or 5 minutes. In general,
interruptions in CPR should be infrequent and should not exceed 10 seconds. However, every effort
should be made to switch compressors in less than 5 seconds.
Which of the following describes the MOST appropriate method of performing chest compressions on
an adult patient in cardiac arrest?
A) Compress the chest at least 2 inches, allow full recoil of the chest after each compression, minimize
interruptions in chest compressions
B) Allow full recoil of the chest after each compression, compress the chest to a depth of 2 inches,
deliver compressions at a rate of at least 80/min
C) Do not interrupt chest compressions for any reason, compress the chest no more than 1½ inches,
allow partial recoil of the chest after each compression
D) Minimize interruptions in chest compressions, provide 70% compression time and 30% relaxation
time, deliver compressions at a rate of 100/min
Effective chest compressions are essential for providing forward blood flow during CPR. To perform
adequate chest compressions, the EMT should compress the chest of an adult at a rate of 100 to
120/min to a depth of at least 2 inches. A compression depth that is greater than 2.4 inches should be
avoided, although this is extremely difficult to accomplish without a CPR device the provides
immediate feedback. When performing chest compressions on an infant or child, compress the chest
at least one-third the depth of the chest (about 1½ inches for infants, about 2 inches for children).
Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression, avoid leaning on the chest, and allow equal
time for compression and relaxation. Minimize interruptions in CPR to 10 seconds or less. Obviously,
2|Page
,chest compressions must be paused when using the AED to analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm or
defibrillate and when assessing for a spontaneous pulse.
A patient reports pain in the upper midabdominal area. This region of the abdomen is called the:
A) peritoneum.
B) epigastrium.
C) mediastinum.
D) retroperitoneum.
B) epigastrium.
The mid-upper region of the abdomen is referred to as the epigastrium because of its location over
the stomach (epi = upon, gastric = stomach). This is a common site of pain or discomfort in patients
experiencing a cardiac problem, which frequently causes them to attribute their pain or discomfort to
indigestion.
A 50-year-old man presents with crushing chest pain that suddently began about 30 minutes ago. He is
diaphoretic and anxious. The EMT should:
A) obtain baseline vital signs.
B) apply supplemental oxygen.
C) administer chewable aspirin.
D) perform a complete physical exam.
C) administer chewable aspirin.
Aspirin (up to 325 mg) has clearly been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity from acute
myocardial infarction (AMI) and should be given as soon as possible to patients with suspected
cardiac chest pain (unless they are allergic to aspirin). Not all patients get oxygen, even those
experiencing AMI. Give oxygen if the patient is hypoxemic (oxygen saturation less than 94%) or is
experiencing respiratory distress. Clearly, it is important to perform a physical exam and obtain vital
signs. Of the interventions listed, however, aspirin administration has the highest priority in this
patient.
The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries that branch directly from the:
A) aorta.
B) vena cavae.
C) left atrium.
D) right ventricle.
The aorta, which is the largest artery in the human body, originates immediately from the left
ventricle. The coronary arteries branch directly off of the ascending aorta, thus allowing the
myocardium to receive blood that has the highest concentration of oxygen. The vena cavae (superior
and inferior) return oxygen-poor blood from the body back to the right atrium, where it is pumped to
the right ventricle and then to the lungs. The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the
lungs and then pumps it to the left ventricle, through the aorta, and to the body.
3|Page
, When assessing a patient who has stroke-like symptoms, you should recall that:
A) the majority strokes are caused by a ruptured cerebral artery.
B) the patient may be unable to communicate, but can often understand.
C) right-sided weakness indicates a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere.
D) fibrinolytic therapy must be given within 6 hours following the stroke.
B) the patient may be unable to communicate, but can often understand.
Some patients who have had a stroke may be unable to communicate (expressive aphasia), but they
can often understand what is being said around them; be aware of this possibility. Approximately 80
percent of all strokes are caused by an occluded cerebral artery (ischemic stroke); strokes caused by a
ruptured cerebral artery (hemorrhagic stroke) are less common. Because the left side of the brain
controls the right side of the body, and vice versa, right-sided weakness (hemiparesis) indicates a
stroke in the left cerebral hemisphere. Some patients who have had a stroke may benefit from
fibrinolytic (clot-buster) therapy; however, to be most effective, this treatment must be given within
the first 3 hours following the onset of the stroke.
The MOST important initial treatment for a patient whose cardiac arrest was witnessed is:
A) defibrillation.
B) cardiac drug therapy.
C) rapid transport.
D) high-quality CPR.
D) high-quality CPR.
Regardless of whether a patient's cardiac arrest is witnessed or unwitnessed, the single most
important initial treatment is high-quality CPR. Delays in performing CPR have been clearly linked to
poor patient outcomes. After CPR has been initiated, apply the AED as soon as it is available. Cardiac
drug therapy and rapid transport enhance the patient's chance of survival, but are useless without
minimally interrupted, high-quality CPR.
A 65-year-old man has generalized weakness and chest pressure. He has a bottle of prescribed
nitroglycerin, but states that he has not taken any of his medication. The EMT should:
A) apply the AED and prepare the patient for immediate transport.
B) administer up to 325 mg of aspirin if the patient is not allergic to it.
C) assist the patient with his nitroglycerin with medical control approval.
D) perform a secondary assessment and obtain baseline vital signs.
B) administer up to 325 mg of aspirin if the patient is not allergic to it.
Aspirin has clearly been shown to reduce mortality and morbitiy associated with acute coronary
syndrome (ACS) and should be given as early as possible; the dose is 160 to 325 mg. Even though this
patient has chest pain and prescribed nitroglycerin, you must first complete a secondary assessment
4|Page
