Growth and Development Questions & Answers

A 1-year-old male child is scheduled for a routine exam at the pediatric clinic. The child's birth weight was 8 lbs. 2 oz. The child now weighs 18 pounds, 4 oz. The nurse knows that this weight is: Below the expected weight. Appropriate for the child's age. Above the expected weight. Individualized and thus unpredictable. - ANSWERSBelow the expected weight. The first year of life is one of rapid growth. The birth weight usually doubles by 5 months and triples by the end of the first year. The other choices are incorrect. A school nurse prepares a lecture on puberty for 5th- and 6th-grade girls. She asks the group, "What is the first sign of puberty?" A student correctly replies: Enlargement of Breasts Increase in energy and appetite Occurence of first menarche Appearance of body odor - ANSWERSThe enlargement of breasts. Puberty is a process that brings about the development of secondary sex characteristics, which begin, with the appearance of breast buds at 9 to 11 years followed by the growth of pubic hair. Menarche follows approximately 1 year later. Body odor may result later because of an increase in secretions from the apocrine glands. A teenager refuses to wear the clothes his mother bought for him. He states he wants to look like the other kids at school and wear clothes like they wear. The nurse explains this behavior is an example of teenage rebellion related to internal conflicts of: A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. B. Trust vs. mistrust. C.Identity vs. role confusion. D. Initiative vs. inferiority. - ANSWERSIdentity vs. role confusion. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that the child is faced with conflicts that need to be resolved. Erikson identifies stages of personality development. Identity vs. role confusion (12 to 19 years) is a period when adolescents search for answers regarding their future. During this time, the child rejects the identity presented by his parents and attempts to create his own identity. Identity is often based on peers. Positive outcomes result in optimism and confidence. Negative outcomes result in sense of purposelessness or deviance. A mother of a 15-month-old brings her son to the clinic. While doing a nursing assessment, the mother makes the following comments. Which comment merits further investigation by the nurse? A. My son won't eat carrots. B. My son is attached to his blanket. C. My son is not crawling yet. D. My son cries when left with others. - ANSWERSMy son is not crawling yet. The child crawls or pulls their body along the floor by their arms by 8-10 months. This is a Growth and Developmental milestone during infancy. If the 15-month-old child displays inability to crawl this is an abnormal finding and it should be referred to the pediatrician for follow up. It is a normal response for the infant to cry when left with others. Infants often become attached to security items, such as a blanket. Toddlers begin to display food preferences. The nurse is completing a health history on a 24-year-old male. Which activity is the best indicator of appropriate psychosocial development? Creating a scrapbook of his life experiences Joining the board of directors for three charities Decorating his new apartment Attending seminars on choosing a career - ANSWERSDecorating his new apartment Correct. Each of these activities indicates achievement of a developmental task, but the nurse must know which task is appropriate for the client's chronological age. Obtaining and decorating a place to live is an activity that establishes independence from parents, a task for young adults. . A 65-year-old man who recently retired from 40 years of work as an independent contractor is scheduled for a physical examination. The nurse should be concerned about which comment? My wife and I are planning to drive to Nebraska in June to visit our grandkids." "Every day, when I wake up, it's hard to find a reason to get out of bed." "I often take ibuprofen for the pain in my knees." "People still call me for advice on building projects. I may never get to retire!" - ANSWERSEvery day, when I wake up, it's hard to find a reason to get out of bed. Correct. The client is in Erikson's stage of integrity versus despair. Which of the following are considered growth and development characteristics of the toddler? (select all that apply) A. the long bones of the arms and legs increase in size. B. The toddler does not achieve bladder control during this stage C. The toddler turns pages in a book and draws stick people D. The toddler walks forward and backward but cannot run or climb stairs. - ANSWERSA. the long bones of the arms and legs increase in size body portions change with longer legs and smaller head in proportion to body size than during infancy C. The toddler turns pages in a book and draws stick people physical skills are manifested in play as toddlers ...turn pages of books, scribble with pen,draw circles and other rudimentary forms