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Summary G12 Biology - Metabolic Processes

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Metabolic Processes is a unit in Grade 12 Biology and it is divided into two subtopics: cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Detailed explanations of the Krebs Cycle, the ETC, and Glycolysis are provided for cellular respiration, as well as the differences in cellular respiration between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In photosynthesis, detailed explanations of the Calvin Cycle and the light dependent reactions are provided. All molecules are described in depth as well as anaerobic respiration.

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~ 2
·
·
·
-




·
*
⑳ 2

, Ye-asosu and
Energy
ce-gy Bond Energy




enein
to break
Energy the do energy required chemical bond
·
·
is ability to work a

7

2 main types of
energy · energy is released when bonds form
·
·
:




S
kinetic
energy of
energy required to break
·
< : motion is bonds

>
& Potential stored
:
energy



Thermodynamics
·
The study of
energy changes


1st law of thermodynamics 2nd law of
thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed , but it can be transformed from one During any process , the universe tends towards disorder .




type into another and can be transferred from one object to another




Free energy (G)

The energy from chemical
·

a



reaction that is available to do work




Metabolic Pathways


·

in cells the source of
energy for anabolic reactio


Is released from catabolic reactions

·

The source of energy linking these reactions is ATP




ATD

·

Adenosine Triphosphate
·

Many cell processes rely on ATP for a source of energy
·

The Amolysis of ATP to ADD (adenosine cliphosphate) Is
highly exergonic

immi p releasing energy
phophale reaction
mean
exergoni
removes
Why ?
the sa ,
c




ADD and phosphate group are more stable when they are separate




So I f they stay together they are unstable , which requires




a lot more energy to keep it as ATP.



This is when it hydrolisizes it releases cre its transferring to
why , energy

Pi =
Inorganic a more Stable State (ADP (
Phosphate
7




Coupled Reactions

·


ATP is used to power endergonic reactions

Document information

Study
12th Grade
School year
1
Uploaded on
November 29, 2024
Number of pages
15
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Summary
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