NR566 Midterm – Complete Guide
Tetracyclines used to treat Right Ans - *H.Pylori
*Acne Vulgaris
*Rickettsial disease
* Chlamydia Trachomatis
*Cholera
*M. pneumonia
*Lyme Disease
*Anthrax
Tetracyclines Right Ans - Demeclocycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracyline
Tetracycline mode of action Right Ans - broad-spectrum; bacteriostatic via
inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Tetracycline adverse effects Right Ans - GI Distress
Hepatotoxicity
Photosensitivity
Vestibular problems (Vertigo)
Candida infections; C. diff
Tetracycline drug/food interactions Right Ans - *Milk products and
antacids, oral contraceptives, digoxin absorption is increased leading to
toxicity.
*Administer 1 hour before or 2 hours after
Tetracycline contraindications Right Ans - *Avoid administration in
children younger than 8 and pregnant women or breastfeeding (Category D).
Use cautiously in patients with liver, kidney disease.
*Pt exposed to direct sunlight
Caution in pt's with liver or kidney disease
Pt with esophageal obstruction or dysfunction
Tetracycline monitoring Right Ans - None
,Rx Tetracycline Right Ans - *Bacterial infections-1-2g/day PO divided
qid( give 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals)
*H.Pylori-500mg PO qid x 10-14 days ( Part of multi-drug regimine
*Syphilis (primary, secondary, latent less than a year)- 500mg PO qid x 14
days ( for PCN hypersensitive patients). Latent grater than a year- 500mg PO
qid x 28 days.
Macrolides Right Ans - Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Macrolides mode of action Right Ans - inhibition of protein synthesis
Macrolides treat Right Ans - *Corynebacterium diphtheria
*Used for diagnosed allergy to PCN for H. Pylori, Chlamydia, disseminated
mycobacterium, and M. pneumonia
Macrolides Complications Right Ans - *GI symptoms, epigastric pain
*Prolonged QT interval which could leat to torsade's and death
*High doses can cause Ototoxicity
Macrolide Contraindications and Precautions: Right Ans - *Avoid in those
taking antidysrhythmic drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors, CCB( verapamil, diltiazem),
Antifungals (-azole), HIV protease inhibitors and nefazodone
*Can increase drug levels of Theophylline, Carbamazepine, and Warfarin
*Hx of liver disease use with caution
*Don't use Chloramphenicol and Clindamycin together
Macrolide age related concerns Right Ans - Safe in the pediatric population
Clindamycin MOA and use Right Ans - *Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and
inhibits protein synthesis
*Anaerobic infections ( does not cross blood-brain barrier)
*Preferred for A Streptococcal infection, Gas Gangrene.
*Clostridium perfringens, Fusobacterium, Anaerobic streptococci
*Used as an alternative for PCN because of efficacy to gram positive cocci
Clindamycin contraindications Right Ans - *History of GI or, hepatic or
renal disease
, *older adults and children, (caution), pregnancy and lactation
*Fever, ABD pain, and leukocytosis
*C.diff can start the first week of treatment or develop 4 to 6 weeks after
treatment is complete. Can be fatal if left untreated.
Clindamycin C.Diff treatment Right Ans - *Discontinue medication and give
oral Vancomycin or metronidazole
*Hydrate with water and electrolytes
Aminoglycosides MOA Right Ans - Bactericidal; inhibit formation of
initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. Also block translocation.
Require O2 for uptake; therefore ineffective against anaerobes.
Aminoglycosides Right Ans - *Gentamycin
*Kanamycin
*Neomycin
*Streptomycin
*Tobramycin
* Amikacin
*Plazomycin
*Paromicin
(OTOTOXICITY
KIDNEY DAMAGE)
effects of aminoglycosides Right Ans - Lasts hours after breakdown in the
system. Still bactericidal.
Aminoglycosides Uses Right Ans - *Primary bactericidal for aerobic gram
negative bacilli
Gent and Tobramy (CIN Right Ans - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacteriaceae and eye infections.
Amika(CIN) Right Ans - Gram negative bacilli infections
Streptomy(CIN) Right Ans - Combined use in the treatment of TB,
tularemia, and plague
Tetracyclines used to treat Right Ans - *H.Pylori
*Acne Vulgaris
*Rickettsial disease
* Chlamydia Trachomatis
*Cholera
*M. pneumonia
*Lyme Disease
*Anthrax
Tetracyclines Right Ans - Demeclocycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracyline
Tetracycline mode of action Right Ans - broad-spectrum; bacteriostatic via
inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Tetracycline adverse effects Right Ans - GI Distress
Hepatotoxicity
Photosensitivity
Vestibular problems (Vertigo)
Candida infections; C. diff
Tetracycline drug/food interactions Right Ans - *Milk products and
antacids, oral contraceptives, digoxin absorption is increased leading to
toxicity.
*Administer 1 hour before or 2 hours after
Tetracycline contraindications Right Ans - *Avoid administration in
children younger than 8 and pregnant women or breastfeeding (Category D).
Use cautiously in patients with liver, kidney disease.
*Pt exposed to direct sunlight
Caution in pt's with liver or kidney disease
Pt with esophageal obstruction or dysfunction
Tetracycline monitoring Right Ans - None
,Rx Tetracycline Right Ans - *Bacterial infections-1-2g/day PO divided
qid( give 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals)
*H.Pylori-500mg PO qid x 10-14 days ( Part of multi-drug regimine
*Syphilis (primary, secondary, latent less than a year)- 500mg PO qid x 14
days ( for PCN hypersensitive patients). Latent grater than a year- 500mg PO
qid x 28 days.
Macrolides Right Ans - Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Macrolides mode of action Right Ans - inhibition of protein synthesis
Macrolides treat Right Ans - *Corynebacterium diphtheria
*Used for diagnosed allergy to PCN for H. Pylori, Chlamydia, disseminated
mycobacterium, and M. pneumonia
Macrolides Complications Right Ans - *GI symptoms, epigastric pain
*Prolonged QT interval which could leat to torsade's and death
*High doses can cause Ototoxicity
Macrolide Contraindications and Precautions: Right Ans - *Avoid in those
taking antidysrhythmic drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors, CCB( verapamil, diltiazem),
Antifungals (-azole), HIV protease inhibitors and nefazodone
*Can increase drug levels of Theophylline, Carbamazepine, and Warfarin
*Hx of liver disease use with caution
*Don't use Chloramphenicol and Clindamycin together
Macrolide age related concerns Right Ans - Safe in the pediatric population
Clindamycin MOA and use Right Ans - *Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and
inhibits protein synthesis
*Anaerobic infections ( does not cross blood-brain barrier)
*Preferred for A Streptococcal infection, Gas Gangrene.
*Clostridium perfringens, Fusobacterium, Anaerobic streptococci
*Used as an alternative for PCN because of efficacy to gram positive cocci
Clindamycin contraindications Right Ans - *History of GI or, hepatic or
renal disease
, *older adults and children, (caution), pregnancy and lactation
*Fever, ABD pain, and leukocytosis
*C.diff can start the first week of treatment or develop 4 to 6 weeks after
treatment is complete. Can be fatal if left untreated.
Clindamycin C.Diff treatment Right Ans - *Discontinue medication and give
oral Vancomycin or metronidazole
*Hydrate with water and electrolytes
Aminoglycosides MOA Right Ans - Bactericidal; inhibit formation of
initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. Also block translocation.
Require O2 for uptake; therefore ineffective against anaerobes.
Aminoglycosides Right Ans - *Gentamycin
*Kanamycin
*Neomycin
*Streptomycin
*Tobramycin
* Amikacin
*Plazomycin
*Paromicin
(OTOTOXICITY
KIDNEY DAMAGE)
effects of aminoglycosides Right Ans - Lasts hours after breakdown in the
system. Still bactericidal.
Aminoglycosides Uses Right Ans - *Primary bactericidal for aerobic gram
negative bacilli
Gent and Tobramy (CIN Right Ans - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacteriaceae and eye infections.
Amika(CIN) Right Ans - Gram negative bacilli infections
Streptomy(CIN) Right Ans - Combined use in the treatment of TB,
tularemia, and plague
