MEDSURG DIABETES MELLITUS
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ BRAND NEW!
1. Which information should the nurse include when developing a
teaching plan for a client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
SATA A. A major risk factor for complications is obesity and central
abdominal obesity
B. Supplemental insulin is mandatory for controlling the disease
C. Exercise increases insulin resistance
D. The primary nutritional source requiring monitoring in the diet is carbohy-
drates.
E. Annual eye and foot examinations are recommended by the ADA.: A, E
2. A patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse
what "type 2" means in relation to diabetes. The nurse explains to the
patient that type 2 diabetes differs from type 1 diabetes primarily in that
with type 2 diabetes?
A. The patient is totally dependent on an outside source of insulin
B. There is decreased insulin secretion and cellular resistance to insulin that
is produced
C. The immune system destroys the pancreatic insulin-producing cells
D. The insulin precursor that is secreted by the pancreas is not activated by
the liver: B (Rationale: In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the
insulin is insufficient for the body's needs or the cells do not respond to the insulin
appropriately. The other information describes the physiology of type 1 diabetes)
1/8
, 3. The nurse is teaching a community class to people with Type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Which explanation would explain the development of Type 2
diabetes? A. The islet cells in the pancreas stop producing insulin.
B. The client eats too many foods that are high in sugar.
C. The pituitary gland does not produce vasopressin.
D. The cells become resistant to the circulating insulin.: D. (Normally insulin
binds to special receptor sites on the cells and initiates a series of reactions
involved in metabolism. In Type 2 diabetes these reactions are diminished
primarily as a result of obesity and aging)
4. The nurse caring for a 54-year-old patient hospitalized with diabetes
mellitus would look for which of the following laboratory test results to
obtain information on the patient's past glucose control? a. prealbumin
level
b. urine ketone level
c. fasting glucose level
d. glycosylated hemoglobin level: D (A glycosylated hemoglobin level detects the
amount of glucose that is bound to red blood cells (RBCs). When circulating
glucose levels are high, glucose attaches to the RBCs and remains there for the
life of the blood cell, which is approximately 120 days. Thus the test can give an
indication of glycemic control over approximately 2 to 3 months.)
5. The nurse cares for a client diagnosed with DKA in the emergency
department. After checking the blood glucose, which prescription should
the nurse implement first?
A. Insert indwelling catheter for accurate I/Os
B. Obtain serum potassium level results and report to the HCP
C. Prepare an insulin drip for IV insulin as prescribed
D. Start an IV line and infuse normal saline as prescribed: D (DKA is a life
threatening complication of DM I that results in ketosis, a metabolic acidosis.
Glucose cannot be taken out of the bloodstream and used for energy without
insulin. The body begins to break down fat stores into ketones, as it does in a
state of starvation, causing a metabolic acidosis (low pH and low HCO3). The
lack of insulin results in increased glucose production in the liver, worsening the
hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis causing clients to be
severely dehydrated. The cardinal signs of dehydration are poor skin turgor, dry
mucus membranes, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, weakness and
lethargy. Iv fluids should begin prior to insulin because insulin causes water,
2/8
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ BRAND NEW!
1. Which information should the nurse include when developing a
teaching plan for a client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
SATA A. A major risk factor for complications is obesity and central
abdominal obesity
B. Supplemental insulin is mandatory for controlling the disease
C. Exercise increases insulin resistance
D. The primary nutritional source requiring monitoring in the diet is carbohy-
drates.
E. Annual eye and foot examinations are recommended by the ADA.: A, E
2. A patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse
what "type 2" means in relation to diabetes. The nurse explains to the
patient that type 2 diabetes differs from type 1 diabetes primarily in that
with type 2 diabetes?
A. The patient is totally dependent on an outside source of insulin
B. There is decreased insulin secretion and cellular resistance to insulin that
is produced
C. The immune system destroys the pancreatic insulin-producing cells
D. The insulin precursor that is secreted by the pancreas is not activated by
the liver: B (Rationale: In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the
insulin is insufficient for the body's needs or the cells do not respond to the insulin
appropriately. The other information describes the physiology of type 1 diabetes)
1/8
, 3. The nurse is teaching a community class to people with Type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Which explanation would explain the development of Type 2
diabetes? A. The islet cells in the pancreas stop producing insulin.
B. The client eats too many foods that are high in sugar.
C. The pituitary gland does not produce vasopressin.
D. The cells become resistant to the circulating insulin.: D. (Normally insulin
binds to special receptor sites on the cells and initiates a series of reactions
involved in metabolism. In Type 2 diabetes these reactions are diminished
primarily as a result of obesity and aging)
4. The nurse caring for a 54-year-old patient hospitalized with diabetes
mellitus would look for which of the following laboratory test results to
obtain information on the patient's past glucose control? a. prealbumin
level
b. urine ketone level
c. fasting glucose level
d. glycosylated hemoglobin level: D (A glycosylated hemoglobin level detects the
amount of glucose that is bound to red blood cells (RBCs). When circulating
glucose levels are high, glucose attaches to the RBCs and remains there for the
life of the blood cell, which is approximately 120 days. Thus the test can give an
indication of glycemic control over approximately 2 to 3 months.)
5. The nurse cares for a client diagnosed with DKA in the emergency
department. After checking the blood glucose, which prescription should
the nurse implement first?
A. Insert indwelling catheter for accurate I/Os
B. Obtain serum potassium level results and report to the HCP
C. Prepare an insulin drip for IV insulin as prescribed
D. Start an IV line and infuse normal saline as prescribed: D (DKA is a life
threatening complication of DM I that results in ketosis, a metabolic acidosis.
Glucose cannot be taken out of the bloodstream and used for energy without
insulin. The body begins to break down fat stores into ketones, as it does in a
state of starvation, causing a metabolic acidosis (low pH and low HCO3). The
lack of insulin results in increased glucose production in the liver, worsening the
hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis causing clients to be
severely dehydrated. The cardinal signs of dehydration are poor skin turgor, dry
mucus membranes, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, weakness and
lethargy. Iv fluids should begin prior to insulin because insulin causes water,
2/8
