APEA 3P PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - HEAD, EYES, EARS,
NOSE & THROAT ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024/2025 (GRADED A+)
auricularThematomaT-TcorrectTanswer-bleedingTinTtheTauricularTcartilegeT
cause:Tdirect,TbluntTtraumaTcommonlyTseenTinTwrestlers,Tboxers,TMMATfighters
tx:ThematomaTneedsTdrainedTorTitTcanTresultTinTcauliflowerTear
avulsedTtoothT-TcorrectTanswer-consideredTaTdentalTemergencyTforTpermanentTteeth
theTsoonerTtheTavulsedTtoothTisTreimplanted,TtheTbetterTtheToutcome
tx:
-avoidTtouchingTtheTroot,ThandleTonlyTtheTcrown
-rinseTtoothTinTnormalTsaline,TirrigateTtheTsocketTwithTnormalTsaline
-reimplantTtheTtooth
-haveTtheTptTbiteTdownTonTgauzeTandTreferTtoTdentistTasTsoonTasTpossible
-storeTtheTtoothTinTcoldTmilkTorTsalineTorTstoreTinsideTtheTcheekT(buccalTsulcus)TifTunableTtoTreimplant
basilarTskullTfractureT-TcorrectTanswer-temporalTboneTisTcommonlyTfracturedT-
TlinearTfractureTisTmostTcommonTfollowedTbyTdepressedTandTbasilarTskullTfractures
causes:Tfalls,Tassaults,TcarTcollisions,TpenetratingTmissiles
s/s:TperiorbitalTecchymosisT(raccoonTeyes),TmastoidTecchymosisT(BattleTsign)TappearTinT1-
3TdaysTfollowingTtrauma;TphysicalTexamTdoesTnotTshowTtheseTsignsTimmediately
assessment:T
, -clearTrhinorrheaTorTotorrheaT(dischargeTfromTearTorTnoseTsuggestingTCSFTleak)
-hemotympanumT(blue-
purpleTcolorTofTtympanicTmembraneT[TM])TcausedTbyTbloodTaccumulationTinTtheTmiddleTear
tx:TreferTtoTED
cholesteatomaT-TcorrectTanswer-collectionTofTskinTcellsTandTcholesterolTinTaTsacTwithinTtheTmiddleTear
s/s:TcanTbeTasymptomatic;TmayTcomplainTofThearingTlossTandTintermittentTotorrheaTfromToneTearTthatTisTpu
rulentTandTfoulTsmelling
onTexam,TthereTisTperforationTofTtheTTMTonTtheTsuperiorTquadrantTandTaTcauliflower-likeTorTpearly-
whiteTmass.TanotherTpresentationTisTanTintactTTMTwithTmissingTlandmarksTandTwhiteTmassTvisibleTbehindTt
heTTM.
risks:ThxTofTchronicTorTrecurrentTotitisTmediaTinfection.
considerations:TmassTisTnotTcancerousTbutTcanTerodeTintoTtheTbonesTofTtheTfaceTandTdamageTtheTfacialTnerv
eT(CNTVII)
tx:TantibioticsTandTsurgicalTexcision/repair
referTtoTotolaryngologist
diptheriaT-TcorrectTanswer-infectiousTdiseaseTcausedTbyTgram-
positiveTbacillusTCorynebacteriumTdiphtheriaeT-TveryTcontagiousT-TcontactTprophylaxisTrequired
s/s:TsoreTthroat,Tmalaise,Tlow-
gradeTfever,TcervicalTlymphadenopathy,TpossibleTswellingTofTsubmandibularTregionTandTanteriorTneckT(bul
lTneck)
inT1/3TofTcases,TposteriorTpharynx,Ttonsils,TuvulaTandTsoftTpalateTareTcoatedTwithTgrayTtoTyellowTpseudome
mbraneTthatTisThardTtoTdisplace
NOSE & THROAT ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024/2025 (GRADED A+)
auricularThematomaT-TcorrectTanswer-bleedingTinTtheTauricularTcartilegeT
cause:Tdirect,TbluntTtraumaTcommonlyTseenTinTwrestlers,Tboxers,TMMATfighters
tx:ThematomaTneedsTdrainedTorTitTcanTresultTinTcauliflowerTear
avulsedTtoothT-TcorrectTanswer-consideredTaTdentalTemergencyTforTpermanentTteeth
theTsoonerTtheTavulsedTtoothTisTreimplanted,TtheTbetterTtheToutcome
tx:
-avoidTtouchingTtheTroot,ThandleTonlyTtheTcrown
-rinseTtoothTinTnormalTsaline,TirrigateTtheTsocketTwithTnormalTsaline
-reimplantTtheTtooth
-haveTtheTptTbiteTdownTonTgauzeTandTreferTtoTdentistTasTsoonTasTpossible
-storeTtheTtoothTinTcoldTmilkTorTsalineTorTstoreTinsideTtheTcheekT(buccalTsulcus)TifTunableTtoTreimplant
basilarTskullTfractureT-TcorrectTanswer-temporalTboneTisTcommonlyTfracturedT-
TlinearTfractureTisTmostTcommonTfollowedTbyTdepressedTandTbasilarTskullTfractures
causes:Tfalls,Tassaults,TcarTcollisions,TpenetratingTmissiles
s/s:TperiorbitalTecchymosisT(raccoonTeyes),TmastoidTecchymosisT(BattleTsign)TappearTinT1-
3TdaysTfollowingTtrauma;TphysicalTexamTdoesTnotTshowTtheseTsignsTimmediately
assessment:T
, -clearTrhinorrheaTorTotorrheaT(dischargeTfromTearTorTnoseTsuggestingTCSFTleak)
-hemotympanumT(blue-
purpleTcolorTofTtympanicTmembraneT[TM])TcausedTbyTbloodTaccumulationTinTtheTmiddleTear
tx:TreferTtoTED
cholesteatomaT-TcorrectTanswer-collectionTofTskinTcellsTandTcholesterolTinTaTsacTwithinTtheTmiddleTear
s/s:TcanTbeTasymptomatic;TmayTcomplainTofThearingTlossTandTintermittentTotorrheaTfromToneTearTthatTisTpu
rulentTandTfoulTsmelling
onTexam,TthereTisTperforationTofTtheTTMTonTtheTsuperiorTquadrantTandTaTcauliflower-likeTorTpearly-
whiteTmass.TanotherTpresentationTisTanTintactTTMTwithTmissingTlandmarksTandTwhiteTmassTvisibleTbehindTt
heTTM.
risks:ThxTofTchronicTorTrecurrentTotitisTmediaTinfection.
considerations:TmassTisTnotTcancerousTbutTcanTerodeTintoTtheTbonesTofTtheTfaceTandTdamageTtheTfacialTnerv
eT(CNTVII)
tx:TantibioticsTandTsurgicalTexcision/repair
referTtoTotolaryngologist
diptheriaT-TcorrectTanswer-infectiousTdiseaseTcausedTbyTgram-
positiveTbacillusTCorynebacteriumTdiphtheriaeT-TveryTcontagiousT-TcontactTprophylaxisTrequired
s/s:TsoreTthroat,Tmalaise,Tlow-
gradeTfever,TcervicalTlymphadenopathy,TpossibleTswellingTofTsubmandibularTregionTandTanteriorTneckT(bul
lTneck)
inT1/3TofTcases,TposteriorTpharynx,Ttonsils,TuvulaTandTsoftTpalateTareTcoatedTwithTgrayTtoTyellowTpseudome
mbraneTthatTisThardTtoTdisplace