Pneumonia
- bacterial, viral, or fungal infection of one or both sides of the lungs that causes the air sacs, or
alveoli, of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus.
- Fluids collect causing alveolar walls to thicken
o Decreased gas exchange
o Alveolar collapse (atelectasis)
o Hypoxemia/Decreased O2 saturation
- Edema stiffens tissue of lung
o Reduced compliance
o Further hypoxemia
Classifications
- Community acquired pneumonia-(CAP)
o H. influenzae causes a type of CAP
- Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
o Nursing home, dialysis center – you have been around a healthcare center
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
o (VAP is subtype of this)
o Must be in the hospital for more than 48 hours
- Aspiration Pneumonia
o Food or fluid
** review chart 23-3 pg 574 of textbook
Community Acquired Pneumonia – CAP
- generally, not as virulent or morbid as HAP.
o Easier to treat
- Older adults, small children, immunocomprimised
- Chronic conditions
- No pneumovax or flu vaccine
- Protected against with pneumonia vaccine
- Smoking h(x) increases risk
- Most common agent (70%) is Streptococcus pneumoniae, AKA Pneumonococcal Pneumonia
Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
- Pneumonia occurring in a non-hospitalized patient with extensive health care contact with
specific criteria.
- Causative pathogen often MDR (multi-drug resistant)
- Harder to take care of
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
- occurs > or = 48 hours after hospital admission
- Ventilator (called VAP)
- NG tubes
- Poor nutrition
- Poor oral care
- Increased gastric PH
o H2 blockers used to prevent stress ulcers
- bacterial, viral, or fungal infection of one or both sides of the lungs that causes the air sacs, or
alveoli, of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus.
- Fluids collect causing alveolar walls to thicken
o Decreased gas exchange
o Alveolar collapse (atelectasis)
o Hypoxemia/Decreased O2 saturation
- Edema stiffens tissue of lung
o Reduced compliance
o Further hypoxemia
Classifications
- Community acquired pneumonia-(CAP)
o H. influenzae causes a type of CAP
- Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
o Nursing home, dialysis center – you have been around a healthcare center
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
o (VAP is subtype of this)
o Must be in the hospital for more than 48 hours
- Aspiration Pneumonia
o Food or fluid
** review chart 23-3 pg 574 of textbook
Community Acquired Pneumonia – CAP
- generally, not as virulent or morbid as HAP.
o Easier to treat
- Older adults, small children, immunocomprimised
- Chronic conditions
- No pneumovax or flu vaccine
- Protected against with pneumonia vaccine
- Smoking h(x) increases risk
- Most common agent (70%) is Streptococcus pneumoniae, AKA Pneumonococcal Pneumonia
Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
- Pneumonia occurring in a non-hospitalized patient with extensive health care contact with
specific criteria.
- Causative pathogen often MDR (multi-drug resistant)
- Harder to take care of
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
- occurs > or = 48 hours after hospital admission
- Ventilator (called VAP)
- NG tubes
- Poor nutrition
- Poor oral care
- Increased gastric PH
o H2 blockers used to prevent stress ulcers
