Mcb 2010c microbiology final exam
Normal microbiota - correct answert all bacteria present in and on the human body
Prokaryotes - correct answert bacteria, archaea
Eukaryotes - correct answert fungi, protozoa, algae, multicellular parasites
Fungi - correct answert chitin cell walls, use organic chemicals for energy, decomposers
Protozoa - correct answert absorb or ingest organic chemicals, may be motile, prey and eat on
other organisms
Algae - correct answert microscopic, cellulose cell walls, use photosynthesis for energy,
produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds
Multicellular animal parasites - correct answert parasitic flatworms and roundworms are called
helminths, microscopic stages in life cycles
Three domains of life - correct answert bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Bacteria - correct answert unicellular, non true nucleus, peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce
through binary fission
for energy use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis
use a molecule of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) to determine heredity
Archaea - correct answert unicellular, no true nucleus, lack peptidoglycan, live in extreme
environments, do not harm us
examples: methanogens, extreme halophiles, and extreme thermophiles
Cell theory - correct answert all living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting
cells
Spontaneous generation - correct answert the hypothesis that living organisms arise from
nonliving matter; a "vital force" forms life
Biogenesis - correct answert the hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life
Robert Hooke - correct answert reported that living things are composed of little boxes, or cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - correct answert first saw living bacteria and called them
"animalcules"
Francesco Redi - correct answert first to formally challenge spontaneous generation by filling 6
jars with decaying meat and showed that flies did not come from the meat, but they laid eggs
on the meat
John Needham - correct answert argued for spontaneous generation saying that microbes
formed in decaying broth
,Mcb 2010c microbiology final exam
Lazaro Spallanzani - correct answert proved that microbes came from the air by putting a cork
on the broth so that microbes couldn't enter
Rudolph Virchow - correct answert said cells arise from preexisting cells
Louis Pasteur - correct answert proved theory of biogenesis by using a S shaped flask to either
keep microbes out or let them in; showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation
Pasteurization - correct answert protecting food and drink from spoilage by heating it just
enough to kill the organisms that cause spoilage
Joseph Lister - correct answert applied Pasteru's work showing microbes are in the air, can
spoil food, and cause animal diseases; he used a chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical
wound infections; performed surgery under antiseptic conditions
Robert Koch - correct answert proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided the
experimental steps to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; figured out you
could use agar to grow bacterial colonies
Edward Jenner - correct answert discovered vaccination by inoculating a person with cowpox
virus to protect them from smallpox
Alexander Flemming - correct answert discovered the first antibiotic, penicillium
Germ theory of disease - correct answert microorganisms that are contaminated with a
disease can be transferred from one organism to the other, infecting the other organism
Koch's postulates - correct answert Steps to prove a microorganism caused a disease
1. Start with a diseased animal
2. Isolate microbe from the animal
3. Identify microorganism under microscope
4. Took some of microorganism and inject a healthy animal
5. Isolate the same microorganism from the newly sick animal
Bacteriology - correct answert the study of bacteria
Mycology - correct answert the study of fungi
Parasitology - correct answert the study of protozoa and parasitic worms
Immunology - correct answert the study of vaccines
Virology - correct answert the study of viruses
, Mcb 2010c microbiology final exam
Biotechnology - correct answert the commercial use of microorganisms to produce common
foods and chemicals
Biofilms - correct answert microorganisms may attach to each other and/or some solid surface
to become a biofilm, a complex aggregation of microbes
Bioremediation - correct answert when bacteria produce enzymes that break down toxins into
less harmful substances
Recombinant DNA - correct answert a new piece of DNA that is the resulting hybrid after a
fragment of DNA that codes for important proteins is attached to bacterial DNA
Genetic code - correct answert describes how the information for protein synthesis in
messenger RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence for making proteins
Biomolecules are the parts of a cell that make up the structure - correct answert proteins,
nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids
Prokaryote - correct answert one circular chromosome, no histones, no organelles, divides by
binary fission, flagellum, bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls, archaea have pseudomurein
cell walls
Eukaryote - correct answert pair chromosomes, histones, organelles, polysaccharide cell walls
(when present), divides by mitoses, flagella
Coccus - correct answert Spherical
Diplococci - two
Streptococci - chain
Tetrad - four
Sarcinae - eight
Staphylococci - looks like bunches of grapes
Bacillus - correct answert Rod
Diplobacilli - two
Streptobacilli - chain
Coccobacillus - more oval than spherical
Spiral - correct answert Vibrio - comma shaped
Spirillum - fairly rigid
Spirochete - helical and flexible
Normal microbiota - correct answert all bacteria present in and on the human body
Prokaryotes - correct answert bacteria, archaea
Eukaryotes - correct answert fungi, protozoa, algae, multicellular parasites
Fungi - correct answert chitin cell walls, use organic chemicals for energy, decomposers
Protozoa - correct answert absorb or ingest organic chemicals, may be motile, prey and eat on
other organisms
Algae - correct answert microscopic, cellulose cell walls, use photosynthesis for energy,
produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds
Multicellular animal parasites - correct answert parasitic flatworms and roundworms are called
helminths, microscopic stages in life cycles
Three domains of life - correct answert bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Bacteria - correct answert unicellular, non true nucleus, peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce
through binary fission
for energy use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis
use a molecule of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) to determine heredity
Archaea - correct answert unicellular, no true nucleus, lack peptidoglycan, live in extreme
environments, do not harm us
examples: methanogens, extreme halophiles, and extreme thermophiles
Cell theory - correct answert all living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting
cells
Spontaneous generation - correct answert the hypothesis that living organisms arise from
nonliving matter; a "vital force" forms life
Biogenesis - correct answert the hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life
Robert Hooke - correct answert reported that living things are composed of little boxes, or cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - correct answert first saw living bacteria and called them
"animalcules"
Francesco Redi - correct answert first to formally challenge spontaneous generation by filling 6
jars with decaying meat and showed that flies did not come from the meat, but they laid eggs
on the meat
John Needham - correct answert argued for spontaneous generation saying that microbes
formed in decaying broth
,Mcb 2010c microbiology final exam
Lazaro Spallanzani - correct answert proved that microbes came from the air by putting a cork
on the broth so that microbes couldn't enter
Rudolph Virchow - correct answert said cells arise from preexisting cells
Louis Pasteur - correct answert proved theory of biogenesis by using a S shaped flask to either
keep microbes out or let them in; showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation
Pasteurization - correct answert protecting food and drink from spoilage by heating it just
enough to kill the organisms that cause spoilage
Joseph Lister - correct answert applied Pasteru's work showing microbes are in the air, can
spoil food, and cause animal diseases; he used a chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical
wound infections; performed surgery under antiseptic conditions
Robert Koch - correct answert proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided the
experimental steps to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease; figured out you
could use agar to grow bacterial colonies
Edward Jenner - correct answert discovered vaccination by inoculating a person with cowpox
virus to protect them from smallpox
Alexander Flemming - correct answert discovered the first antibiotic, penicillium
Germ theory of disease - correct answert microorganisms that are contaminated with a
disease can be transferred from one organism to the other, infecting the other organism
Koch's postulates - correct answert Steps to prove a microorganism caused a disease
1. Start with a diseased animal
2. Isolate microbe from the animal
3. Identify microorganism under microscope
4. Took some of microorganism and inject a healthy animal
5. Isolate the same microorganism from the newly sick animal
Bacteriology - correct answert the study of bacteria
Mycology - correct answert the study of fungi
Parasitology - correct answert the study of protozoa and parasitic worms
Immunology - correct answert the study of vaccines
Virology - correct answert the study of viruses
, Mcb 2010c microbiology final exam
Biotechnology - correct answert the commercial use of microorganisms to produce common
foods and chemicals
Biofilms - correct answert microorganisms may attach to each other and/or some solid surface
to become a biofilm, a complex aggregation of microbes
Bioremediation - correct answert when bacteria produce enzymes that break down toxins into
less harmful substances
Recombinant DNA - correct answert a new piece of DNA that is the resulting hybrid after a
fragment of DNA that codes for important proteins is attached to bacterial DNA
Genetic code - correct answert describes how the information for protein synthesis in
messenger RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence for making proteins
Biomolecules are the parts of a cell that make up the structure - correct answert proteins,
nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids
Prokaryote - correct answert one circular chromosome, no histones, no organelles, divides by
binary fission, flagellum, bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls, archaea have pseudomurein
cell walls
Eukaryote - correct answert pair chromosomes, histones, organelles, polysaccharide cell walls
(when present), divides by mitoses, flagella
Coccus - correct answert Spherical
Diplococci - two
Streptococci - chain
Tetrad - four
Sarcinae - eight
Staphylococci - looks like bunches of grapes
Bacillus - correct answert Rod
Diplobacilli - two
Streptobacilli - chain
Coccobacillus - more oval than spherical
Spiral - correct answert Vibrio - comma shaped
Spirillum - fairly rigid
Spirochete - helical and flexible
