HSES 330 7-9 Exam Study
Guide
how many (if any) extra calories are required during the first, second and third trimester
of pregnancy? - Answer 350-450 extra kcals a day
why is adequate weight gain important in pregnancy? - Answer to avoid a low birth
weight baby and negative impacts on health and development
what is the appropriate pace of weight gain during the first, second and third
trimesters? - Answer - 1st trimester: 1 pound per month- 2-4 pounds total
- 2nd and 3rd trimester: 1 pound per week- 25 pounds total
- 25-35 pounds for normal weight. 28-40 for underweight
- 15-25 pounds for obese
how many extra grams of protein are required during pregnancy? - Answer roughly 25
grams per day
what 2 vitamins and 3 minerals have the greatest increase in need during pregnancy? -
Answer vitamins: B6 and folate
minerals: iron, zinc, iodine
what is edema and why is it common during pregnancy? - Answer Edema: water
retention and swelling
- placenta hormone causes body tissue to retain fluid
why does pregnancy increase the risk for anemia? - Answer fetus requires iron which is
the priority and can deplete mothers storage
what are Gestational Diabetes and Eclampsia? - Answer gestational diabetes
- diabetes that develops during pregnancy around 20-28 weeks
- hormones synthesized by placenta decrease the action of insulin
eclampsia
- high blood pressure- pregnancy induced
- impairs placental blood flow which can result in low baby weight
how many extra calories per day are required when breastfeeding? - Answer - 500
, calories to produce milk
- 300-400 can come from diet, rest comes from accumulated fat from pregnancy
for infants, what supplies all of the nutrient needs for the first 4-6 months of life? -
Answer human milk or formula
for infants, what % of calories should from fat - Answer 40-50% of calories per day
for infants, what are the potential micronutrient deficiencies? - Answer
what's the difference between a food allergy and food intolerance? - Answer - food
allergies: occur when a food triggers an immune system mediated reaction involving the
antibody IgE
- food interolances: adverse reactions to food that do not involve the immune system
for ages 1-5 (toddlers and pre-schoolers), what are the 3 potential nutrient deficiencies?
- Answer 1. iron
2. calcium
3. vitamin D
for school age children (ages 6-12) what are the 2 potential deficiencies? - Answer 1.
calcium
2. iron
name the reasons breakfast may be beneficial for school age children - Answer 1.
improves academic performance
2. improves attendance
3. decreases emotional and behavioral problems
4. more likely to meet vitamin and mineral needs
during the teen years, how do the requirements for energy and micronutrients compare
to other age groups? - Answer higher during teen years than any other age groups
during the teen years, which 2 minerals are commonly low in the diet? - Answer -
calcium
- iron
what are the nutrients of concern in young adults (ages 20-50)? - Answer - calcium
- vitamin D
- potassium
Guide
how many (if any) extra calories are required during the first, second and third trimester
of pregnancy? - Answer 350-450 extra kcals a day
why is adequate weight gain important in pregnancy? - Answer to avoid a low birth
weight baby and negative impacts on health and development
what is the appropriate pace of weight gain during the first, second and third
trimesters? - Answer - 1st trimester: 1 pound per month- 2-4 pounds total
- 2nd and 3rd trimester: 1 pound per week- 25 pounds total
- 25-35 pounds for normal weight. 28-40 for underweight
- 15-25 pounds for obese
how many extra grams of protein are required during pregnancy? - Answer roughly 25
grams per day
what 2 vitamins and 3 minerals have the greatest increase in need during pregnancy? -
Answer vitamins: B6 and folate
minerals: iron, zinc, iodine
what is edema and why is it common during pregnancy? - Answer Edema: water
retention and swelling
- placenta hormone causes body tissue to retain fluid
why does pregnancy increase the risk for anemia? - Answer fetus requires iron which is
the priority and can deplete mothers storage
what are Gestational Diabetes and Eclampsia? - Answer gestational diabetes
- diabetes that develops during pregnancy around 20-28 weeks
- hormones synthesized by placenta decrease the action of insulin
eclampsia
- high blood pressure- pregnancy induced
- impairs placental blood flow which can result in low baby weight
how many extra calories per day are required when breastfeeding? - Answer - 500
, calories to produce milk
- 300-400 can come from diet, rest comes from accumulated fat from pregnancy
for infants, what supplies all of the nutrient needs for the first 4-6 months of life? -
Answer human milk or formula
for infants, what % of calories should from fat - Answer 40-50% of calories per day
for infants, what are the potential micronutrient deficiencies? - Answer
what's the difference between a food allergy and food intolerance? - Answer - food
allergies: occur when a food triggers an immune system mediated reaction involving the
antibody IgE
- food interolances: adverse reactions to food that do not involve the immune system
for ages 1-5 (toddlers and pre-schoolers), what are the 3 potential nutrient deficiencies?
- Answer 1. iron
2. calcium
3. vitamin D
for school age children (ages 6-12) what are the 2 potential deficiencies? - Answer 1.
calcium
2. iron
name the reasons breakfast may be beneficial for school age children - Answer 1.
improves academic performance
2. improves attendance
3. decreases emotional and behavioral problems
4. more likely to meet vitamin and mineral needs
during the teen years, how do the requirements for energy and micronutrients compare
to other age groups? - Answer higher during teen years than any other age groups
during the teen years, which 2 minerals are commonly low in the diet? - Answer -
calcium
- iron
what are the nutrients of concern in young adults (ages 20-50)? - Answer - calcium
- vitamin D
- potassium
