TEST BANK FOR NURSING PHARMACOLOGY QUESTONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE, ALL CHAPTERS UPDATED VERSION RATED A+.

Table of Contents Chapter 01- Introduction to Drugs Chapter 02- Drugs and the Body Chapter 03- Toxic Effects of Drugs Chapter 04- The Nursing Process in Drug Therapy and Patient Safety Chapter 05- Dosage Calculations Chapter 06- Challenges to Effective Drug Therapy Chapter 07- Introduction to Cell Physiology Chapter 08- Anti-infective Agents Chapter 09- Antibiotics Chapter 10- Antiviral Agents Chapter 11- Antifungal Agents Chapter 12- Antiprotozoal Agents Chapter 13- Anthelmintic Agents Chapter 14- Antineoplastic Agents Chapter 15- Introduction to the Immune Response and Inflammation Chapter 16- Anti-inflammatory, Antiarthritis, and Related Agents Chapter 17- Immune Modulators Chapter 18- Vaccines and Sera Chapter 19- Introduction to Nerves and the Nervous System Chapter 20- Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents Chapter 21- Antidepressant Agents Chapter 22- Psychotherapeutic Agents Chapter 23- Antiseizure Agents Chapter 24- Antiparkinsonism Agents Chapter 25- Muscle Relaxants Chapter 26- Narcotics, Narcotic Antagonists, and Antimigraine Agents Chapter 27- General and Local Anesthetic Agents Chapter 28- Neuromuscular Junction Blocking Agents Chapter 29- Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Chapter 30- Adrenergic Agonists Chapter 31- Adrenergic Antagonists Chapter 32- Cholinergic Agonists Chapter 33- Anticholinergic Agents Chapter 34- Introduction to the Endocrine System Chapter 35- Hypothalamic and Pituitary Agents Chapter 36- Adrenocortical Agents Chapter 37- Thyroid and Parathyroid Agents Chapter 38- Agents to Control Blood Glucose Levels Chapter 39- Introduction to the Reproductive System Chapter 40- Drugs Affecting the Female Reproductive System Chapter 41- Drugs Affecting the Male Reproductive System Chapter 42- Introduction to the Cardiovascular System Chapter 43- Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure Chapter 44- Agents for Treating Heart Failure Chapter 45- Antiarrhythmic Agents Chapter 46- Antianginal Agents Chapter 47- Lipid-Lowering Agents Chapter 48- Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation Chapter 49- Drugs Used to Treat Anemias Chapter 50- Introduction to the Renal System Chapter 51- Diuretic Agents Chapter 52- Drugs Affecting the Urinary Tract and the Bladder Chapter 53- Introduction to the Respiratory System Chapter 54- Drugs Acting on the Upper Respiratory Tract Chapter 55- Drugs Acting on the Lower Respiratory Tract Chapter 56- Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System Chapter 57- Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Secretions Chapter 58- Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Motility Chapter 59- Antiemetic Agents Chapter 1: Introduction to Drugs 1.A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. A nurse working on an oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14- month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses? A) Pharmacoeconomics B) Pharmacotherapeutics C) Pharmacodynamics D) Pharmacokinetics Answer: B RATIONALE: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The nurse working in radiology is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The nurse working on an oncology unit is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body, and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the drug. 2.A physician has ordered intramuscular injections of morphine, a narcotic, every 4 hours as needed for pain for a motor vehicle accident victim. The nurse is aware that there is a high abuse potential for this drug; therefore, morphine is categorized as a: A) Schedule I drug B) Schedule II drug C) Schedule III drug D) Schedule IV drug Answer: B RATIONALE: Narcotics such as morphine are considered schedule II drugs because of the high abuse potential with severe dependence liability. Schedule I drugs have high abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs have a lesser abuse potential than schedule II drugs and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs have low abuse potential and limited dependence liability. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Communication and documentation 3.A nurse working for a drug company is involved in phase III drug evaluation studies. Which of the following might the nurse be responsible for during this stage of drug development? A) Working with animals who are given experimental drugs B) Monitoring drug effects in patients who are selected to participate in a study, who have the disease that the drug is meant to treat C) Collecting records of symptoms that participants experience while taking a drug and determining whether they are caused by the disease or the drug D) Informing healthy, young volunteer participants of possible risks that could occur from taking an experimental drug Answer: C RATIONALE: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical market where patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. A select group of patients who are involved in phase II studies participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity. 4. Which of the following concepts is considered when generic drugs are substituted for brand-name drugs? A) Bioavailability B) Critical concentration C) Distribution D) Half-life Answer: A RATIONALE: Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic drug may not be the same as those used in the brand-name drug. Therefore, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ, which may eliminate a substitution. Critical concentration is the amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect. Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics that involves the movement of a drug to the body's tissues. A drug's half-life is the time it takes for the amount of drug to decrease to one-half of the peak level. 5. A nurse is teaching her patient about the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which of the following statements best informs the patient about their safe use? A) “OTC drugs are products that are available without prescription for self- treatment of minor complaints.” B) “OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported on a drug history.” C) “OTC drugs were approved as prescription drugs but later were found to be safe without the need for a prescription.” D) “OTC drugs need to be taken with caution. They can mask the signs and symptoms of an underlying disease and interfere with prescription drug therapy.” Answer: D RATIONALE: OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported. OTC drugs are available without a prescription, although some were first approved as prescription drugs. The most important teaching should relate to their safe use and that OTC drugs can mask symptoms of disease and interfere with prescribed drugs. Cognitive Level: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Nursing Process 6. Which of the following legislative acts allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established? A) Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 B) Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 C) Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951 D) Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962 Answer: D RATIONALE: The Kefauver-Harris Act was the result of the use of the 1960s drug thalidomide (Thalomid). The public concern led to the legislation that gave the FDA regulatory control over testing and evaluating of drugs and allowed it to set standards for efficacy and safety. The Pure Food and Drug Act required labeling to eliminate false claims. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave the FDA the power to enforce standards for testing drug toxicity and monitoring labeling. The Durham- Humphrey Amendment enforced prescriptions for distribution. 7. A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a pregnancy category B drug. The nurse would inform the patient that: A) “Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.” B) “Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.” C) “Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.” D) “There is evidence of human fetal risk but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.” Answer: B RATIONALE: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus but there have been no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh the risks. 8. Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?