©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 13:32PM
BIOC 3021- Exam #3 Questions and
Answers
Catabolism - Answers✓✓Processes that break down food for energy and building blocks
-Example: glycolysis
Anabolism - Answers✓✓Processes that use energy and building blocks to make molecules we
need
-Example: photosynthesis
Sun - Answers✓✓All life depends on the energy acquired from the _________.
-Light energy is absorbed during photosynthesis, which promotes electrons to higher energy
orbitals (excited state)
-Excited electrons store energy and can transfer it to other molecules in redox reactions
-Constant influx of energy to resist entropy
Oxidized - Answers✓✓Food is _______ to collect high energy electrons that are then used to
drive reactions
Coupled reactions - Answers✓✓A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction (postive ΔG) can
be made to occur if coupled with a thermodynamically favorable reaction (negative ΔG)
-Overall negative ΔG
Kinase - Answers✓✓An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from one molecule to another
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 13:32PM
Coenzyme - Answers✓✓A low molecular weight organic compound, which in cooperation
with an enzyme, facilitates catalysis of a reaction
-Often have a component that is derived from a vitamin
Vitamin - Answers✓✓A nutritional requirement since the organism is unable to biosynthesize
an adequate amount for its own use
NAD+ - Answers✓✓A coenzyme that collects electrons released during catabolism; is reduced
to NADH
-Form of stored chemical energy (electron carrier)
-Provides energy upon oxidation that drives synthesis of ATP
Niacin - Answers✓✓Vitamin component of NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - Answers✓✓
2 - Answers✓✓The reduction of NAD+ to NADH involves _____ the transfer of ________
electrons.
FAD - Answers✓✓An electron carrier that is reduced to FADH2
Glycolysis - Answers✓✓The first step in the process of oxidizing glucose to get energy from
the molecule; most common pathway to harvest energy
-Reactants: 1 molecule of glucose, 2 ATP
-Products: 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP (2 net), 2 NADH
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 13:32PM
Glucose - Answers✓✓The main fuel for human bodies; contains a lot of reduced carbon
Facilitated diffusion - Answers✓✓Glucose enters into cells through three pathways: 1)
diffusion, 2) __________ and 3) active transport
-The 2nd pathway listed uses the transport protein Glut-1
Investment phase - Answers✓✓The first phase of glycolysis (Reactions 1-5); breaks glucose
into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
-Requires the spending of two ATP molecules (increasing free energy of glucose)
Payoff phase - Answers✓✓The second phase of glycolysis (Reactions 6-10); convert the two
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into two pyruvate molecules
-Generates four ATP molecules
Hexokinase - Answers✓✓The enzyme required to catalyze the first reaction of glycolysis
Glucose; ATP - Answers✓✓The reactant(s) of the first reaction of glycolysis
Glucose-6-phosphate; ADP - Answers✓✓The product(s) of the second reaction of glycolysis
Phosphoryl transfer - Answers✓✓The first reaction of glycolysis is this type of reaction; this is
important because it keeps the concentration of glucose (phosphorylated glucose is chemically
different) in the cell low so it can diffuse down the gradient and into the cell.
-Not a favorable reaction BUT required
-Irreversible
25/11/2024 13:32PM
BIOC 3021- Exam #3 Questions and
Answers
Catabolism - Answers✓✓Processes that break down food for energy and building blocks
-Example: glycolysis
Anabolism - Answers✓✓Processes that use energy and building blocks to make molecules we
need
-Example: photosynthesis
Sun - Answers✓✓All life depends on the energy acquired from the _________.
-Light energy is absorbed during photosynthesis, which promotes electrons to higher energy
orbitals (excited state)
-Excited electrons store energy and can transfer it to other molecules in redox reactions
-Constant influx of energy to resist entropy
Oxidized - Answers✓✓Food is _______ to collect high energy electrons that are then used to
drive reactions
Coupled reactions - Answers✓✓A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction (postive ΔG) can
be made to occur if coupled with a thermodynamically favorable reaction (negative ΔG)
-Overall negative ΔG
Kinase - Answers✓✓An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from one molecule to another
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 13:32PM
Coenzyme - Answers✓✓A low molecular weight organic compound, which in cooperation
with an enzyme, facilitates catalysis of a reaction
-Often have a component that is derived from a vitamin
Vitamin - Answers✓✓A nutritional requirement since the organism is unable to biosynthesize
an adequate amount for its own use
NAD+ - Answers✓✓A coenzyme that collects electrons released during catabolism; is reduced
to NADH
-Form of stored chemical energy (electron carrier)
-Provides energy upon oxidation that drives synthesis of ATP
Niacin - Answers✓✓Vitamin component of NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - Answers✓✓
2 - Answers✓✓The reduction of NAD+ to NADH involves _____ the transfer of ________
electrons.
FAD - Answers✓✓An electron carrier that is reduced to FADH2
Glycolysis - Answers✓✓The first step in the process of oxidizing glucose to get energy from
the molecule; most common pathway to harvest energy
-Reactants: 1 molecule of glucose, 2 ATP
-Products: 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP (2 net), 2 NADH
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 13:32PM
Glucose - Answers✓✓The main fuel for human bodies; contains a lot of reduced carbon
Facilitated diffusion - Answers✓✓Glucose enters into cells through three pathways: 1)
diffusion, 2) __________ and 3) active transport
-The 2nd pathway listed uses the transport protein Glut-1
Investment phase - Answers✓✓The first phase of glycolysis (Reactions 1-5); breaks glucose
into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
-Requires the spending of two ATP molecules (increasing free energy of glucose)
Payoff phase - Answers✓✓The second phase of glycolysis (Reactions 6-10); convert the two
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into two pyruvate molecules
-Generates four ATP molecules
Hexokinase - Answers✓✓The enzyme required to catalyze the first reaction of glycolysis
Glucose; ATP - Answers✓✓The reactant(s) of the first reaction of glycolysis
Glucose-6-phosphate; ADP - Answers✓✓The product(s) of the second reaction of glycolysis
Phosphoryl transfer - Answers✓✓The first reaction of glycolysis is this type of reaction; this is
important because it keeps the concentration of glucose (phosphorylated glucose is chemically
different) in the cell low so it can diffuse down the gradient and into the cell.
-Not a favorable reaction BUT required
-Irreversible
