©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
Biochem 301-Exam 1 and Answers
ionic bond - Answers✓✓direct interaction between positive and negative ions
covalent bond - Answers✓✓A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between
atoms in a molecule
Electronegativity - Answers✓✓measure of how strongly atoms attract bonding electrons to
themselves
molecular weight - Answers✓✓ratio of the average mass of one molecule of an element or
compound to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (remember that this is a
dimensionless quantity)
macromolecule - Answers✓✓a molecule that contains a very large number of atoms. Examples
would be proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
polymer - Answers✓✓a macromolecule assembled with covalent linkages between smaller
repeating units
(Proteins, from amino acids, polysaccharides from carbohydrates, nucleic acids from
nucleotides)
hydrophobic - Answers✓✓- Insolubility in water. - Water would rather interact with itself than
with non-polar compounds.
- tendency of hydrophobic molecules to sequester themselves from water
- nonpolar and unable to form H bonds
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
hydrophillic - Answers✓✓- preferably interacts (dissolves) with water.
- compounds will be polar and will be able to interact with water through either hydrogen bonds
or through ion-dipole or dipole-dipole interactions.
- They will contain electronegative and electropositive atoms.
proton donor - Answers✓✓acid
proton acceptor - Answers✓✓base
hydronium ion - Answers✓✓hydrogen ion combines with a water molecule to form a
hydronium ion, H3O(+)
trace elements - Answers✓✓elements required by an organism in only minute quantities
what are the trace elements? - Answers✓✓Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Se, I
aldehyde - Answers✓✓
amino acid - Answers✓✓Building blocks of protein
Carbohydrates - Answers✓✓made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- simplest form is monosaccharides or sugars
nucleotides - Answers✓✓- Basic units of DNA molecule
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
- form ATP
- composed of a 5 carbon sugar, N containing ring, and 1+ phosphate groups
lipids - Answers✓✓- insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol and ether
- poorly soluble in water bc they often include hydrophobic chains
ether - Answers✓✓
Amine - Answers✓✓RNH2, R2NH, R3N
thiol - Answers✓✓R-SH
Ketone - Answers✓✓
ESTER - Answers✓✓
Amide - Answers✓✓
sulfhydryl group - Answers✓✓
do Co2 and H2O molecules have the same 3D shape? - Answers✓✓No because of the
distribution of lone pairs of electrons and the hybridization of carbon and oxygen
meaning of electronegativity - Answers✓✓chemical property that describes the tendency for an
atom to attract a pair of electrons towards itself
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
how does EN affect the distribution of electrons in a covalent bond between O and H? -
Answers✓✓O = more EN than H
- means that in an O-H bond the electrons will be biased toward oxygen
- leaves a partial negative charge on O and partial positive charge on H
- makes bond polar
draw two molecules of water that are hydrogen bonded. Label covalent and hydrogen bonds -
Answers✓✓
In liquid water, what is the normal # of H bonds formed between H20 molecules? -
Answers✓✓3.4- arises bc the water molecules are moving so that at any given moment in time
they cannot form 5
the smaller number of H bonds (in water)... - Answers✓✓allows for closer packing and higher
density than ice
polar chemical group descriptions and examples - Answers✓✓- asymmetric distribution of
charge induced by elements that have differences in electronegativity
Ex: carboxamides, alcohols, carbonyl groups, esters
non polar chemical group description and examples - Answers✓✓- do not have major
asymmetry in this distribution of electrons
- share electrons equally within a bond
ex: ethyl, methyl, phenyl groups
hydrophobic examples - Answers✓✓methane, ethane, benzene, isobutane, ethyl, ether
25/11/2024 09:27AM
Biochem 301-Exam 1 and Answers
ionic bond - Answers✓✓direct interaction between positive and negative ions
covalent bond - Answers✓✓A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between
atoms in a molecule
Electronegativity - Answers✓✓measure of how strongly atoms attract bonding electrons to
themselves
molecular weight - Answers✓✓ratio of the average mass of one molecule of an element or
compound to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (remember that this is a
dimensionless quantity)
macromolecule - Answers✓✓a molecule that contains a very large number of atoms. Examples
would be proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
polymer - Answers✓✓a macromolecule assembled with covalent linkages between smaller
repeating units
(Proteins, from amino acids, polysaccharides from carbohydrates, nucleic acids from
nucleotides)
hydrophobic - Answers✓✓- Insolubility in water. - Water would rather interact with itself than
with non-polar compounds.
- tendency of hydrophobic molecules to sequester themselves from water
- nonpolar and unable to form H bonds
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
hydrophillic - Answers✓✓- preferably interacts (dissolves) with water.
- compounds will be polar and will be able to interact with water through either hydrogen bonds
or through ion-dipole or dipole-dipole interactions.
- They will contain electronegative and electropositive atoms.
proton donor - Answers✓✓acid
proton acceptor - Answers✓✓base
hydronium ion - Answers✓✓hydrogen ion combines with a water molecule to form a
hydronium ion, H3O(+)
trace elements - Answers✓✓elements required by an organism in only minute quantities
what are the trace elements? - Answers✓✓Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Se, I
aldehyde - Answers✓✓
amino acid - Answers✓✓Building blocks of protein
Carbohydrates - Answers✓✓made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- simplest form is monosaccharides or sugars
nucleotides - Answers✓✓- Basic units of DNA molecule
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
- form ATP
- composed of a 5 carbon sugar, N containing ring, and 1+ phosphate groups
lipids - Answers✓✓- insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol and ether
- poorly soluble in water bc they often include hydrophobic chains
ether - Answers✓✓
Amine - Answers✓✓RNH2, R2NH, R3N
thiol - Answers✓✓R-SH
Ketone - Answers✓✓
ESTER - Answers✓✓
Amide - Answers✓✓
sulfhydryl group - Answers✓✓
do Co2 and H2O molecules have the same 3D shape? - Answers✓✓No because of the
distribution of lone pairs of electrons and the hybridization of carbon and oxygen
meaning of electronegativity - Answers✓✓chemical property that describes the tendency for an
atom to attract a pair of electrons towards itself
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
how does EN affect the distribution of electrons in a covalent bond between O and H? -
Answers✓✓O = more EN than H
- means that in an O-H bond the electrons will be biased toward oxygen
- leaves a partial negative charge on O and partial positive charge on H
- makes bond polar
draw two molecules of water that are hydrogen bonded. Label covalent and hydrogen bonds -
Answers✓✓
In liquid water, what is the normal # of H bonds formed between H20 molecules? -
Answers✓✓3.4- arises bc the water molecules are moving so that at any given moment in time
they cannot form 5
the smaller number of H bonds (in water)... - Answers✓✓allows for closer packing and higher
density than ice
polar chemical group descriptions and examples - Answers✓✓- asymmetric distribution of
charge induced by elements that have differences in electronegativity
Ex: carboxamides, alcohols, carbonyl groups, esters
non polar chemical group description and examples - Answers✓✓- do not have major
asymmetry in this distribution of electrons
- share electrons equally within a bond
ex: ethyl, methyl, phenyl groups
hydrophobic examples - Answers✓✓methane, ethane, benzene, isobutane, ethyl, ether
