©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
Biol 201 Exam 1 and Answers
Patterns of Darwinian Evolution - Answers✓✓change over time, change over geographic
distance, resemblance to fossils, homology, vestigial traits
Processes of Darwinian Evolution - Answers✓✓Descent with modification (evolution happens
to populations, not individuals), natural selection (sorting process)
Under the theory of evolution as formulated by Darwin, why did the long-legged tree-dwelling
anoles change when they were moved to an island with a bushy habitat that favored individuals
with shorter legs?
A. They were eliminated from the bushes, and only found in tree-filled habitats where their
long legs were adaptive.
B. Individuals that were placed on bushes grew shorter legs in response. This change was
passed on to offspring.
C. Individuals that happened to have shorter legs produced more offspring than individuals with
longer legs. As a result, the characteristics of the population changed over time.
D. A supernatural power made the anoles have shorter legs, so they could survive better in the
bushy habitat. - Answers✓✓C
Evolution will occur if what 3 conditions are met - Answers✓✓variation, heritability,
differential survival or reproductive success
Common misconceptions about evolution - Answers✓✓populations change because they need
to, changes in a population occur through gradual change in all members of a population, the
environment directly causes change and/or mutation, mutations are intentional adaptive
responses, offspring only inherit traits that are beneficial, acquired characteristics are
inheritable
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
What is a phylogeny? - Answers✓✓A model or hypothesis of the branching relationships of
populations as they give rise to multiple descendant populations
What do branches represent in phylogenies? - Answers✓✓populations evolving through time
What do nodes represent in phylogenies? - Answers✓✓points in time when populations diverge
What is a clade? - Answers✓✓a collection of branches and nodes that includes an ancestor and
all of its descendants
What is a paraphyletic group? - Answers✓✓an ancestral species and some of its descendants
(not all)
What information do branch lengths convey in phylogenies? - Answers✓✓none
Homology - Answers✓✓shared derived character
analogy - Answers✓✓convergent evolution
The Principle of Parsimony (Ockham's Razor) - Answers✓✓the most parsimonious model is
the one that requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes in the traits under
consideration
How to choose between evolutionary hypothesis using parsimony - Answers✓✓add an
outgroup and compare
25/11/2024 09:27AM
Biol 201 Exam 1 and Answers
Patterns of Darwinian Evolution - Answers✓✓change over time, change over geographic
distance, resemblance to fossils, homology, vestigial traits
Processes of Darwinian Evolution - Answers✓✓Descent with modification (evolution happens
to populations, not individuals), natural selection (sorting process)
Under the theory of evolution as formulated by Darwin, why did the long-legged tree-dwelling
anoles change when they were moved to an island with a bushy habitat that favored individuals
with shorter legs?
A. They were eliminated from the bushes, and only found in tree-filled habitats where their
long legs were adaptive.
B. Individuals that were placed on bushes grew shorter legs in response. This change was
passed on to offspring.
C. Individuals that happened to have shorter legs produced more offspring than individuals with
longer legs. As a result, the characteristics of the population changed over time.
D. A supernatural power made the anoles have shorter legs, so they could survive better in the
bushy habitat. - Answers✓✓C
Evolution will occur if what 3 conditions are met - Answers✓✓variation, heritability,
differential survival or reproductive success
Common misconceptions about evolution - Answers✓✓populations change because they need
to, changes in a population occur through gradual change in all members of a population, the
environment directly causes change and/or mutation, mutations are intentional adaptive
responses, offspring only inherit traits that are beneficial, acquired characteristics are
inheritable
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
What is a phylogeny? - Answers✓✓A model or hypothesis of the branching relationships of
populations as they give rise to multiple descendant populations
What do branches represent in phylogenies? - Answers✓✓populations evolving through time
What do nodes represent in phylogenies? - Answers✓✓points in time when populations diverge
What is a clade? - Answers✓✓a collection of branches and nodes that includes an ancestor and
all of its descendants
What is a paraphyletic group? - Answers✓✓an ancestral species and some of its descendants
(not all)
What information do branch lengths convey in phylogenies? - Answers✓✓none
Homology - Answers✓✓shared derived character
analogy - Answers✓✓convergent evolution
The Principle of Parsimony (Ockham's Razor) - Answers✓✓the most parsimonious model is
the one that requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes in the traits under
consideration
How to choose between evolutionary hypothesis using parsimony - Answers✓✓add an
outgroup and compare
