GLPH 271 - Module 3 questions well
answered graded A+
Define Global Burden of Disease. - correct answer ✔✔Measure of the total health lost from 100s of
diseases that provides insight into the health of different populations around the world.
What is the GBD Study? - correct answer ✔✔Tabulates data about causes of death and disability from all
countries around the world, reported as DALYs.
List the 3 major categories of disease. - correct answer ✔✔Communicable (neonatal, maternal,
nutritional), non-communicable, injuries
Where are communicable diseases most prevalent? - correct answer ✔✔Poorer countries due to lack of
healthcare/preventative care.
How have DALYs for HIV, TB and malaria changed in the past 10 years? - correct answer ✔✔All decreased
How have the DALYs for IHD and depression changed in the past 10 years? - correct answer ✔✔Both
increased
Rank the 3 categories in order of descending burden. - correct answer ✔✔Non-communicable >
communicable > injury
Why is the death rate much higher than the DALY for IHD? - correct answer ✔✔IHD is usually acute so
you do not live a long-time with it but it almost always results in death (YLD is small for DALY).
Define communicable diseases. - correct answer ✔✔Diseases that can be spread from one person or
animal to another, typically via droplets or bodily fluids containing bacterium, pathogen or parasite.
Includes maternal, neonatal and nutritional disorders. Significant burden for poorer countries (50%), but
less for developed countries (<10%).
, Name the 3 big communicable diseases. - correct answer ✔✔HIV, TB, malaria
Define HIV. - correct answer ✔✔HIV infects helper T cells which compromises the immune system and
the body's ability to fight infection (progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Spread via
bodily fluid. Treated using Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and can be prevented via condom use.
Define TB. - correct answer ✔✔Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that infects one third of the
population, but only 5-10% of those infected get the disease. Can be treated with antibiotics but
compliance and antibiotic resistance are major issues.
Define malaria. - correct answer ✔✔Malaria results from transfer of Plasmodium parasite from
mosquito. More prevalent but less deadly than HIV. Can be treated/cured and prevented with sprays and
insecticide treated nets.
How is the GBD increasing or decreasing for each of the big three? - correct answer ✔✔Malaria =
extremely small in developed, decreasing in developing
HIV = increasing in developing, decreasing in developed
TB = decreasing in both
What population is affected by each disease? - correct answer ✔✔HIV = children in Africa (lack of
testing, lack of ART, mothers stigmatized so do not get treatment)
TB = India (malnutrition and smoking, decreased drug compliance and no early detection)
Malaria = Sub-Saharan Africa (ideal climate with warm spells/rain, decreased immune capacity)
Name and explain the 2 nutritional diseases. - correct answer ✔✔Iron deficiency (anemia) = most
common, impaired development/productivity
answered graded A+
Define Global Burden of Disease. - correct answer ✔✔Measure of the total health lost from 100s of
diseases that provides insight into the health of different populations around the world.
What is the GBD Study? - correct answer ✔✔Tabulates data about causes of death and disability from all
countries around the world, reported as DALYs.
List the 3 major categories of disease. - correct answer ✔✔Communicable (neonatal, maternal,
nutritional), non-communicable, injuries
Where are communicable diseases most prevalent? - correct answer ✔✔Poorer countries due to lack of
healthcare/preventative care.
How have DALYs for HIV, TB and malaria changed in the past 10 years? - correct answer ✔✔All decreased
How have the DALYs for IHD and depression changed in the past 10 years? - correct answer ✔✔Both
increased
Rank the 3 categories in order of descending burden. - correct answer ✔✔Non-communicable >
communicable > injury
Why is the death rate much higher than the DALY for IHD? - correct answer ✔✔IHD is usually acute so
you do not live a long-time with it but it almost always results in death (YLD is small for DALY).
Define communicable diseases. - correct answer ✔✔Diseases that can be spread from one person or
animal to another, typically via droplets or bodily fluids containing bacterium, pathogen or parasite.
Includes maternal, neonatal and nutritional disorders. Significant burden for poorer countries (50%), but
less for developed countries (<10%).
, Name the 3 big communicable diseases. - correct answer ✔✔HIV, TB, malaria
Define HIV. - correct answer ✔✔HIV infects helper T cells which compromises the immune system and
the body's ability to fight infection (progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Spread via
bodily fluid. Treated using Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and can be prevented via condom use.
Define TB. - correct answer ✔✔Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that infects one third of the
population, but only 5-10% of those infected get the disease. Can be treated with antibiotics but
compliance and antibiotic resistance are major issues.
Define malaria. - correct answer ✔✔Malaria results from transfer of Plasmodium parasite from
mosquito. More prevalent but less deadly than HIV. Can be treated/cured and prevented with sprays and
insecticide treated nets.
How is the GBD increasing or decreasing for each of the big three? - correct answer ✔✔Malaria =
extremely small in developed, decreasing in developing
HIV = increasing in developing, decreasing in developed
TB = decreasing in both
What population is affected by each disease? - correct answer ✔✔HIV = children in Africa (lack of
testing, lack of ART, mothers stigmatized so do not get treatment)
TB = India (malnutrition and smoking, decreased drug compliance and no early detection)
Malaria = Sub-Saharan Africa (ideal climate with warm spells/rain, decreased immune capacity)
Name and explain the 2 nutritional diseases. - correct answer ✔✔Iron deficiency (anemia) = most
common, impaired development/productivity
