MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY, CH.14-
21 (HOSA NUTRITION) EXAM GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
leptin - Answer-hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce
appetite and increase the amount of energy used
ghrelin - Answer-A hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach
Hypothyroidism - Answer-underactivity of the thyroid gland where too little thyroxine and
T3 is secreted.
obesity - Answer-having an excess amount of body fat
visceral fat - Answer-fat located around major organs (abdominal cavity)
subcutaneous fat - Answer-fat stored directly under the skin
BMI - Answer-body mass index (measurement of body fat based on height and weight)
Hamwi method - Answer-A formula for estimating the ideal body weight on the basis of
gender and height
plateau period - Answer-period in which there is no change in weight
safe weight loss per week - Answer-1-2 pounds
safe weight loss for obese individuals per week - Answer-1% of body weight
Obesity Trends - Answer--Adults: 34.9% obese and 68.6% overweight/Obese
-Children: 16.9% obese and 31.8% overweight/Obese
Adults are consuming______ more calories per day in 2010 than 1970 - Answer-450
diabetes mellitus - Answer-a group of metabolic disorders characterized by
hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
metabolic syndrome - Answer-A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart
disease, stroke, and diabetes.
renal threshold - Answer-The concentration at which a substance in the blood that is not
normally excreted by the kidneys begins to appear in the urine.
, glycosuria - Answer-sugar in the urine
Pre-diabetes - Answer-A condition in which a person's blood glucose levels are above
normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. (impaired glucose
tolerance)
polyuria - Answer-excessive urination
polydipsia - Answer-excessive thirst
polyphagia - Answer-excessive hunger
ketonemia - Answer-ketones in the blood
ketoacidosis - Answer-excessive production of ketones, making the blood acid
vascular system - Answer-circulatory system
neuropathy - Answer-nerve damage
retinopathy - Answer-damage to small blood vessels in the eyes
nephropathy - Answer-damage to the kidneys
A1C - Answer-blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess
glucose control
Dyslipidemia - Answer-increased lipid in the blood
renal threshold - Answer-kidneys' capacity
A1c 5.7-6.4 - Answer-prediabetes
Acanthosis nigricans - Answer-The presence of dark velvety patches of skin around the
armpit, back, neck and groin. Can occur with multiple diseases. Has been linked to pts
with insulin dysfunction.
A1C over 6.5 - Answer-type 2 diabetes
Oral Diabetes Medications - Answer-oral hypoglycemic agent: medication that may be
given to type 2 diabetes to lower blood glucose.
gestational diabetes - Answer-a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some
pregnancies.
21 (HOSA NUTRITION) EXAM GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
leptin - Answer-hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce
appetite and increase the amount of energy used
ghrelin - Answer-A hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach
Hypothyroidism - Answer-underactivity of the thyroid gland where too little thyroxine and
T3 is secreted.
obesity - Answer-having an excess amount of body fat
visceral fat - Answer-fat located around major organs (abdominal cavity)
subcutaneous fat - Answer-fat stored directly under the skin
BMI - Answer-body mass index (measurement of body fat based on height and weight)
Hamwi method - Answer-A formula for estimating the ideal body weight on the basis of
gender and height
plateau period - Answer-period in which there is no change in weight
safe weight loss per week - Answer-1-2 pounds
safe weight loss for obese individuals per week - Answer-1% of body weight
Obesity Trends - Answer--Adults: 34.9% obese and 68.6% overweight/Obese
-Children: 16.9% obese and 31.8% overweight/Obese
Adults are consuming______ more calories per day in 2010 than 1970 - Answer-450
diabetes mellitus - Answer-a group of metabolic disorders characterized by
hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
metabolic syndrome - Answer-A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart
disease, stroke, and diabetes.
renal threshold - Answer-The concentration at which a substance in the blood that is not
normally excreted by the kidneys begins to appear in the urine.
, glycosuria - Answer-sugar in the urine
Pre-diabetes - Answer-A condition in which a person's blood glucose levels are above
normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. (impaired glucose
tolerance)
polyuria - Answer-excessive urination
polydipsia - Answer-excessive thirst
polyphagia - Answer-excessive hunger
ketonemia - Answer-ketones in the blood
ketoacidosis - Answer-excessive production of ketones, making the blood acid
vascular system - Answer-circulatory system
neuropathy - Answer-nerve damage
retinopathy - Answer-damage to small blood vessels in the eyes
nephropathy - Answer-damage to the kidneys
A1C - Answer-blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to assess
glucose control
Dyslipidemia - Answer-increased lipid in the blood
renal threshold - Answer-kidneys' capacity
A1c 5.7-6.4 - Answer-prediabetes
Acanthosis nigricans - Answer-The presence of dark velvety patches of skin around the
armpit, back, neck and groin. Can occur with multiple diseases. Has been linked to pts
with insulin dysfunction.
A1C over 6.5 - Answer-type 2 diabetes
Oral Diabetes Medications - Answer-oral hypoglycemic agent: medication that may be
given to type 2 diabetes to lower blood glucose.
gestational diabetes - Answer-a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some
pregnancies.
