Chapter 23: Nervous System and Pathologies
Salvo: Massage Therapy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which body system helps maintain homeostasis along with the nervous system?
a. Digestive
b. Cardiovascular
c. Respiratory
d. Endocrine
ANS: D
Two body systems help to maintain homeostasis—the nervous system and endocrine system.
2. Which function does the nervous system perform?
a. Immune responses against pathogens
b. Sensory input and motor output
c. Transportation of nutrients
d. Waste elimination
ANS: B
Sensory input, motor output, higher mental functioning, and emotional responsiveness are all
functions of the nervous system.
3. Which division of the nervous system is defined as containing the brain and spinal cord?
a. Peripheral
b. Autonomic
c. Somatic
d. Central
ANS: D
Major components of the central nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, meninges or
covering around the brain and spinal cord, and the cerebrospinal fluid.
4. Which term means connective tissues that support, nourish, protect and insulate the impulse
conducting cells?
a. Neuroglia
b. Neurons
c. Gray matter
d. White matter
ANS: A
Neuroglia, or glial cells, are connective tissues that support, nourish, protect, and insulate
neurons.
5. Which term refers to fatty coverings around neurons that insulates and increases the
conduction rate of the impulse?
a. Epineurium
b. Neuroglia
c. Myelin
, d. Perineurium
ANS: C
Fatty myelin sheaths surround certain neurons. It increases the conduction rate of the impulse
and provides insulation to prevent impulse leakage to adjacent neurons.
6. Which term means the outer layer of myelin sheaths?
a. Neurilemma
b. Neuroglia
c. Endoneurium
d. Epineurium
ANS: A
The outer layer of myelin sheaths is called neurilemma.
7. What are the gaps between Schwann cells and their myelin sheaths called?
a. Synaptic gaps
b. Neurilemmas
c. Synaptic vesicles
d. Nodes of Ranvier
ANS: D
Gaps located between Schwann cells and their myelin sheaths are called Nodes of Ranvier or
myelin sheath gaps. These structures increase the speed of the impulse because it can literally
jump from one node to another.
8. What are the impulse-conducting cells of the nervous system called?
a. Neuroglia
b. Neurons
c. Astrocytes
d. Oligodendrocytes
ANS: B
Neurons are impulse-conducting cells and represent the nervous system’s simplest structural
unit.
9. Which structures receive stimuli and initiate nerve impulse transmission?
a. Axons
b. Dendrites
c. Microglia
d. Astrocytes
ANS: B
Dendrites are short and narrow extensions from the cell body that receive stimuli and initiate
nerve impulse transmission.
10. Which structure transmits impulses away from the neuron cell body?
a. Dendrite
b. Microglia
c. Axon
d. Sarcolemma
, ANS: C
Axons conduct nerve impulse transmission away from the cell body.
11. Which structures contain neurotransmitters?
a. Dermatomes
b. Ganglia
c. Synaptic vesicles
d. Nodes of Ranvier
ANS: C
Synaptic vesicles contain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
12. Which term refers to a neuron that sends an impulse toward the central nervous system?
a. Effector
b. Afferent
c. Efferent
d. Motor
ANS: B
Afferent neurons transmit sensory information toward the CNS. These neurons, which are
also called sensory neurons, are found within the skin, joints, and muscles. Afferent neurons
are called receptors.
13. Which term refers to a neuron that sends an impulse toward muscles or glands called?
a. Arcing
b. Sensory
c. Afferent
d. Efferent
ANS: D
Efferent neurons transmit impulses from the CNS toward muscles or glands (effectors).
Efferent neurons are also called motor neurons.
14. Which term refers to a single conduction pathway to and from the central nervous system?
a. Saltatory conduction
b. Actional potential
c. Reflex arc
d. Nerve plexus
ANS: C
A reflex arc is a single conduction pathway to and from the CNS. Reflex arcs are the simplest
structural and functional unit in the nervous system.
15. Which term means bundles of nerve fibers in the central nervous system?
a. Neuroglia
b. Nerve
c. Gyrus
d. Tract
ANS: D
Tracts are bundles of nerve fibers in the central nervous system.
Salvo: Massage Therapy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which body system helps maintain homeostasis along with the nervous system?
a. Digestive
b. Cardiovascular
c. Respiratory
d. Endocrine
ANS: D
Two body systems help to maintain homeostasis—the nervous system and endocrine system.
2. Which function does the nervous system perform?
a. Immune responses against pathogens
b. Sensory input and motor output
c. Transportation of nutrients
d. Waste elimination
ANS: B
Sensory input, motor output, higher mental functioning, and emotional responsiveness are all
functions of the nervous system.
3. Which division of the nervous system is defined as containing the brain and spinal cord?
a. Peripheral
b. Autonomic
c. Somatic
d. Central
ANS: D
Major components of the central nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, meninges or
covering around the brain and spinal cord, and the cerebrospinal fluid.
4. Which term means connective tissues that support, nourish, protect and insulate the impulse
conducting cells?
a. Neuroglia
b. Neurons
c. Gray matter
d. White matter
ANS: A
Neuroglia, or glial cells, are connective tissues that support, nourish, protect, and insulate
neurons.
5. Which term refers to fatty coverings around neurons that insulates and increases the
conduction rate of the impulse?
a. Epineurium
b. Neuroglia
c. Myelin
, d. Perineurium
ANS: C
Fatty myelin sheaths surround certain neurons. It increases the conduction rate of the impulse
and provides insulation to prevent impulse leakage to adjacent neurons.
6. Which term means the outer layer of myelin sheaths?
a. Neurilemma
b. Neuroglia
c. Endoneurium
d. Epineurium
ANS: A
The outer layer of myelin sheaths is called neurilemma.
7. What are the gaps between Schwann cells and their myelin sheaths called?
a. Synaptic gaps
b. Neurilemmas
c. Synaptic vesicles
d. Nodes of Ranvier
ANS: D
Gaps located between Schwann cells and their myelin sheaths are called Nodes of Ranvier or
myelin sheath gaps. These structures increase the speed of the impulse because it can literally
jump from one node to another.
8. What are the impulse-conducting cells of the nervous system called?
a. Neuroglia
b. Neurons
c. Astrocytes
d. Oligodendrocytes
ANS: B
Neurons are impulse-conducting cells and represent the nervous system’s simplest structural
unit.
9. Which structures receive stimuli and initiate nerve impulse transmission?
a. Axons
b. Dendrites
c. Microglia
d. Astrocytes
ANS: B
Dendrites are short and narrow extensions from the cell body that receive stimuli and initiate
nerve impulse transmission.
10. Which structure transmits impulses away from the neuron cell body?
a. Dendrite
b. Microglia
c. Axon
d. Sarcolemma
, ANS: C
Axons conduct nerve impulse transmission away from the cell body.
11. Which structures contain neurotransmitters?
a. Dermatomes
b. Ganglia
c. Synaptic vesicles
d. Nodes of Ranvier
ANS: C
Synaptic vesicles contain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
12. Which term refers to a neuron that sends an impulse toward the central nervous system?
a. Effector
b. Afferent
c. Efferent
d. Motor
ANS: B
Afferent neurons transmit sensory information toward the CNS. These neurons, which are
also called sensory neurons, are found within the skin, joints, and muscles. Afferent neurons
are called receptors.
13. Which term refers to a neuron that sends an impulse toward muscles or glands called?
a. Arcing
b. Sensory
c. Afferent
d. Efferent
ANS: D
Efferent neurons transmit impulses from the CNS toward muscles or glands (effectors).
Efferent neurons are also called motor neurons.
14. Which term refers to a single conduction pathway to and from the central nervous system?
a. Saltatory conduction
b. Actional potential
c. Reflex arc
d. Nerve plexus
ANS: C
A reflex arc is a single conduction pathway to and from the CNS. Reflex arcs are the simplest
structural and functional unit in the nervous system.
15. Which term means bundles of nerve fibers in the central nervous system?
a. Neuroglia
b. Nerve
c. Gyrus
d. Tract
ANS: D
Tracts are bundles of nerve fibers in the central nervous system.
