2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
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◉ Sigmund Freud. Answer: unconscious mind and psychoanalytic
theory, people are not masters of their own minds, behavior is
influenced by sexual urges; wish-fulfillment
◉ B.F. Skinner. Answer: stimulus-response approach, behavior and
environmental factors
◉ Ivan Pavlov. Answer: conditioned reflexes, behaviorist stimulus-
response approach
◉ William James. Answer: leader of 'functionalism', wrote Principles
of Psychology, discussed the stream of consciousness
◉ Structuralism. Answer: analyzing consciousness into its basic
elements and investigating how these elements are related
◉ Functionalism. Answer: psychology should investigate the
function or purpose of consciousness
,◉ Psychoanalytic perspective. Answer: unconscious motives and
experiences in early childhood govern personality and mental
disorders; expectations affect our perception
◉ Behavioral perspective. Answer: Only observable events
(stimulus-response) can be studied scientifically
◉ Humanistic perspective. Answer: Humans are free, rational beings
with the potential for personal growth. Fundamentally different
from animals.
◉ Cognitive perspective. Answer: Human behavior can't be
understood without examining how people acquire, store, and
process information
◉ Biological perspective. Answer: an organism's functioning can be
explained through bodily structures and bio-chemical processes
◉ Evolutionary perspective. Answer: Behavior patterns have
evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors
behaviors that enhance reproductive success
◉ Critical (critical thinking). Answer: being analytical and evaluating
ideas
, ◉ Anecdotal evidence. Answer: stories, NOT reliable evidence
◉ Neurons. Answer: individual cells in the nervous system that
receive, integrate, and transmit information
◉ Soma. Answer: cell body, contains the cell nucleus and chemical
machinery
◉ Dendrites. Answer: parts of a neuron specialized to receive
information
◉ Axon. Answer: fiber that transmits signals away from the soma
and to other neurons, muscles, or glands
◉ Myelin sheath. Answer: insulating material that encases some
axons
◉ Terminal buttons. Answer: small knobs that secrete chemicals
called neurotransmitters
◉ Synapse. Answer: junction where information is transmitted from
one neuron to another