ADVANCED BIOCHEMISTRY 4302 TEST

Acetate (acetyl-CoA) - ANSWER The central molecule in anabolism,
catabolism, and the TCA cycle.

Anabolism - ANSWER Metabolism is used to make larger molecules

Reductive - ANSWER Reaction type used in anabolism

precursor molecules of Anabolism - ANSWER Amino acids
Sugars
Fatty acids
Nitrogenous bases

ADP
NAD+
NADP+
FAD - ANSWER Energy products of anabolism

Proteins
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Nucleic acids - ANSWER Macromolecules created in anabolism

Anabolism - ANSWER Type of metabolism that uses energy

Catabolism - ANSWER Types of metabolism used to breakdown nutrients into
energy

Oxidative - ANSWER Reaction type of catabolism

Carbohydrates
Fats
Protiens - ANSWER Sources of energy containing nutrients

CO2
H2O

, NH3 - ANSWER Energy depleted end products of catabolism

ATP
NADH
NADPH
FADH2 - ANSWER Energy products of catabolism

Oxidation - ANSWER Reaction type used to breakdown amino acids as a
source of energy.

Proteins and muscle - ANSWER Types of tissues which contain amino acids

1. Leftover amino acids from normal protein turnover
2. Dietary amino acids that exceed body's protein synth
3. Proteins in the body are broken down to supply energy when carbohydrates
are low (starvation and Diabetes Mellitus) - ANSWER The three
circumstances under which amino acids undergo oxidative catabolism

Dietary protein and intracellular protein - ANSWER Sources of amino acids

Ammonium (NH4+) and carbon skeletons - ANSWER The initial breakdown
products of amino acids

Aspartame-arginine-succinate shunt of citric acid cycle and carbamoyl
phosphate - ANSWER Amino acid inputs into the urea cycle

Transamination - ANSWER Type of first reaction in conversion of amino
group to ammonium

Deamination - ANSWER Type of second reaction in conversion of amino
acids to ammonium

Alanine - ANSWER Preferred N transporter from muscle

Glutamine - ANSWER Primary N transporter from non-muscle tissue

Ammonium/ammonia (NH4+) - ANSWER Excreted N form in bony fishes