HOSA NUTRITION EXAM Q&A
What are nutrients? - Answer-Chemical substances necessary for life.
Functions of Nutrients - Answer-Provide energy
Build and Repair body tissue
Regulate body processes (i.e circulation, respiration, digestion, and elimination)
What are the 6 classes of nutrients? - Answer-Carbohydrates (CHO)
Fats (lipids)
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
True or false: No nutrient can work alone - Answer-True
Where are essential nutrients found? - Answer-Found only in foods
What is special about organic nutrients? - Answer-Must be broken down to be used by
body (also contain carbon)
Inorganic Nutrients - Answer-Already in their smallest components
Which nutrients are organic? - Answer-Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
What nutrients are inorganic? - Answer-Water
Minerals
What is the function of Carbohydrates? - Answer-To provide energy
What is the function of fats? - Answer-To provide energy
What is the function of proteins? - Answer-To build and repair tissues and provide
energy
What is the function of vitamins? - Answer-To regulate body processes
What is the function of minerals? - Answer-To regulate body processes
What is the function of Water? - Answer-To regulate body processes
,Consider the following scenario:
A client is recovering from surgery at home. You ask what she has eaten during the last
24 hours. She answers:
Breakfast: two doughnuts, orange juice
Lunch: lettuce salad with oil and vinegar, soda
Snack: pretzels, soda
Dinner: spaghetti with tomato sauce, garlic bread, wine
What nutrients are missing in her diet? Why are these nutrients important for her? -
Answer-Breakfast: Carbohydrates (sugar) and Vitamins
Lunch: Carbs (fiber and sugar) and fats
Dinner: Carbohydrates and alcohol
Nutrients she is getting:
Carbs
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
MISSING:
Proteins and Water
SHE JUST HAD SURGERY!
Protein is needed to build and repair body tissues after surgery
Water is needed to prevent dehydration
What are characteristics of good nutritional status? - Answer-Alert expression
Shiny hair
Clear complexion
Good color
Bright, clear eyes
Pink, firm gums and well-developed teeth
Firm abdomen
Firm, well-developed muscles
Well-developed bone structure
Normal weight for height
Erect Posture
Emotional stability
Good stamina
Seldom ill
Healthy appetite
Healthy, normal sleep habits
Normal elimination
What are characteristics of poor nutritional status? - Answer-Apathy
Dull, lifeless hair
Greasy, blemished complexion
Poor color
Dull, red-rimmed eyes
Red, puffy, receding gums and missing or cavity-prone teeth
, Swollen abdomen
Underdeveloped, flabby muscles
Bowed legs and "pigeon breast"
Overweight or underweight
Slumped posture
Easily irritated or depresses and poor attention span
Easily fatigued
Frequently ill
Excessive or poor appetite
Insomnia at night and fatigued during day
Constipation or diarrhea
What are two types of malnutrition? - Answer-Overnutrition- Excess energy or nutrient
intake
Undernutrition- Deficient energy or nutrient intake
True or false- Undernutrition is a larger problem than overnutrition in the US. - Answer-
False- Supersizing, fast-food industry contributes to OVERNUTRITION in the US.
What are the top 10 fattest cities in the US? - Answer-Miami, FL
Oklahoma City, OK
San Antonio, TX
Las Vegas, NV
New York, NY
Houston, TX
El Paso, TX
Jacksonville, FL
Charlotte, NC
Louisville-Jefferson, KY
What are the cumulative effects of excess nutrition? - Answer-Atherosclerosis
Obesity
Hypertension
diabetes
Gallbladder disease
Some cancers
What is atherosclerosis? - Answer-A disease of the arteries characterized by the
deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls. The build-up of fats,
cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.
What is hypertension? - Answer-High blood pressure
What is gallbladder disease? - Answer-See picture
What are the cumulative effects of deficient nutrition? - Answer-Iron deficiency
What are nutrients? - Answer-Chemical substances necessary for life.
Functions of Nutrients - Answer-Provide energy
Build and Repair body tissue
Regulate body processes (i.e circulation, respiration, digestion, and elimination)
What are the 6 classes of nutrients? - Answer-Carbohydrates (CHO)
Fats (lipids)
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
True or false: No nutrient can work alone - Answer-True
Where are essential nutrients found? - Answer-Found only in foods
What is special about organic nutrients? - Answer-Must be broken down to be used by
body (also contain carbon)
Inorganic Nutrients - Answer-Already in their smallest components
Which nutrients are organic? - Answer-Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
What nutrients are inorganic? - Answer-Water
Minerals
What is the function of Carbohydrates? - Answer-To provide energy
What is the function of fats? - Answer-To provide energy
What is the function of proteins? - Answer-To build and repair tissues and provide
energy
What is the function of vitamins? - Answer-To regulate body processes
What is the function of minerals? - Answer-To regulate body processes
What is the function of Water? - Answer-To regulate body processes
,Consider the following scenario:
A client is recovering from surgery at home. You ask what she has eaten during the last
24 hours. She answers:
Breakfast: two doughnuts, orange juice
Lunch: lettuce salad with oil and vinegar, soda
Snack: pretzels, soda
Dinner: spaghetti with tomato sauce, garlic bread, wine
What nutrients are missing in her diet? Why are these nutrients important for her? -
Answer-Breakfast: Carbohydrates (sugar) and Vitamins
Lunch: Carbs (fiber and sugar) and fats
Dinner: Carbohydrates and alcohol
Nutrients she is getting:
Carbs
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
MISSING:
Proteins and Water
SHE JUST HAD SURGERY!
Protein is needed to build and repair body tissues after surgery
Water is needed to prevent dehydration
What are characteristics of good nutritional status? - Answer-Alert expression
Shiny hair
Clear complexion
Good color
Bright, clear eyes
Pink, firm gums and well-developed teeth
Firm abdomen
Firm, well-developed muscles
Well-developed bone structure
Normal weight for height
Erect Posture
Emotional stability
Good stamina
Seldom ill
Healthy appetite
Healthy, normal sleep habits
Normal elimination
What are characteristics of poor nutritional status? - Answer-Apathy
Dull, lifeless hair
Greasy, blemished complexion
Poor color
Dull, red-rimmed eyes
Red, puffy, receding gums and missing or cavity-prone teeth
, Swollen abdomen
Underdeveloped, flabby muscles
Bowed legs and "pigeon breast"
Overweight or underweight
Slumped posture
Easily irritated or depresses and poor attention span
Easily fatigued
Frequently ill
Excessive or poor appetite
Insomnia at night and fatigued during day
Constipation or diarrhea
What are two types of malnutrition? - Answer-Overnutrition- Excess energy or nutrient
intake
Undernutrition- Deficient energy or nutrient intake
True or false- Undernutrition is a larger problem than overnutrition in the US. - Answer-
False- Supersizing, fast-food industry contributes to OVERNUTRITION in the US.
What are the top 10 fattest cities in the US? - Answer-Miami, FL
Oklahoma City, OK
San Antonio, TX
Las Vegas, NV
New York, NY
Houston, TX
El Paso, TX
Jacksonville, FL
Charlotte, NC
Louisville-Jefferson, KY
What are the cumulative effects of excess nutrition? - Answer-Atherosclerosis
Obesity
Hypertension
diabetes
Gallbladder disease
Some cancers
What is atherosclerosis? - Answer-A disease of the arteries characterized by the
deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls. The build-up of fats,
cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.
What is hypertension? - Answer-High blood pressure
What is gallbladder disease? - Answer-See picture
What are the cumulative effects of deficient nutrition? - Answer-Iron deficiency
