HOSA NUTRITION TEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Macronutrients - Answer- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates - Answer- energy, 4 Kilocalories, 50-
60% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Lipids - Answer- storage of energy; 9Kcal; less than 30
% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Protein - Answer- structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of daily
caloric intake
3 main categories of carbohydrates - Answer- monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
Monosaccharide - Answer- simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide - Answer- sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
Polysaccharide - Answer- starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
Fiber is subdivided into - Answer- soluble & insoluble
RDA for fibres is - Answer- 25-35 per day
Soluble fiber - Answer- helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
Insoluble fiber - Answer- is important for colon health
4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism - Answer- galactosemia, primary lactase
deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
Galatosemia - Answer- inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood, severe
symptoms = failure to thrive
Primary lactase deficiency - Answer- body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early
onset
Lactose intolerance - Answer- later onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance,
increased antibiotic use
, Sucrase deficiency - Answer- similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest sucrase,
GI symptoms, early onset
Functions of Carbohydrates - Answer- primary energy source for energy; balance
protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar
control; liver detox
Amino acids - Answer- the basic building blocks for proteins
Proteins are subdivided into - Answer- essential & nonessential
Urea/Ammonia - Answer- the main waste product produced by protein metabolism
Dietary sources of protein - Answer- complete: animal based; incomplete: plant based
Complete & incomplete protein forms - Answer- are based upon the range of amino
acids present
Disorders of protein - Answer- Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
2 types of protein malnutrition - Answer- Maramus; Kwashiorkor disease
Maramus - Answer- "starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
Kwashiorkor Disease - Answer- protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
Functions of amino acids - Answer- tissue repair; immune system support;
neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
Fats - Answer- should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
Fatty acids are named based on - Answer- number of carbohydrates, degree of
saturation & location of the first double bond
Saturated fats - Answer- have no double bonds
Saturated fats come from - Answer- animal sources
Mono-unsaturated Fats - Answer- have one double bond
Poly-unsaturated Fats - Answer- have many double bonds
Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats - Answer- come from plant sources
2 groups of essential fatty acids - Answer- omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3 (linolenic
acid)
AND ANSWERS
Macronutrients - Answer- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates - Answer- energy, 4 Kilocalories, 50-
60% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Lipids - Answer- storage of energy; 9Kcal; less than 30
% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Protein - Answer- structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of daily
caloric intake
3 main categories of carbohydrates - Answer- monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
Monosaccharide - Answer- simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide - Answer- sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
Polysaccharide - Answer- starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
Fiber is subdivided into - Answer- soluble & insoluble
RDA for fibres is - Answer- 25-35 per day
Soluble fiber - Answer- helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
Insoluble fiber - Answer- is important for colon health
4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism - Answer- galactosemia, primary lactase
deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
Galatosemia - Answer- inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood, severe
symptoms = failure to thrive
Primary lactase deficiency - Answer- body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early
onset
Lactose intolerance - Answer- later onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance,
increased antibiotic use
, Sucrase deficiency - Answer- similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest sucrase,
GI symptoms, early onset
Functions of Carbohydrates - Answer- primary energy source for energy; balance
protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar
control; liver detox
Amino acids - Answer- the basic building blocks for proteins
Proteins are subdivided into - Answer- essential & nonessential
Urea/Ammonia - Answer- the main waste product produced by protein metabolism
Dietary sources of protein - Answer- complete: animal based; incomplete: plant based
Complete & incomplete protein forms - Answer- are based upon the range of amino
acids present
Disorders of protein - Answer- Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
2 types of protein malnutrition - Answer- Maramus; Kwashiorkor disease
Maramus - Answer- "starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
Kwashiorkor Disease - Answer- protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
Functions of amino acids - Answer- tissue repair; immune system support;
neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
Fats - Answer- should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
Fatty acids are named based on - Answer- number of carbohydrates, degree of
saturation & location of the first double bond
Saturated fats - Answer- have no double bonds
Saturated fats come from - Answer- animal sources
Mono-unsaturated Fats - Answer- have one double bond
Poly-unsaturated Fats - Answer- have many double bonds
Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats - Answer- come from plant sources
2 groups of essential fatty acids - Answer- omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3 (linolenic
acid)
