HOSA NUTRITION DURING INFANCY
AND ADOLESCENCE EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
In a baby physical and mental development are dependent on - Answer-food
Psychosocial development is a baby is affected by - Answer-the manner and time in
which the food is offered
On demand - Answer-preferable way to feed babies, feeding them when they desire it
On demand schedule averages approximately - Answer-every four hours by the time
the baby is 2 or 3 months old.
Why are the infant's energy, vitamin, mineral, and protein requirements higher per unit
of body weight than those of older children or adults? - Answer-The first year of life is a
period of the most rapid growth in one's life. A baby doubles its birth weight by 6 months
of age and triples it within the first year.
During the first year, the normal child needs how many calories - Answer-98-108
calories per kilogram of body weight each day-approximately two to three times the
adult requirement.
The basis of the infant's diet is - Answer-breast milk or formula. Either one is a highly
nutritious, digestible food containing proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals,
and water.
RDA of protein for 6 months of age - Answer-2.2 g of protein per kilogram of weight
each day,
RDA of protein for 6 to 12 months - Answer-1.6 g of protein per kilogram of weight each
day.
Why do infants need 1.5 mL of water per calorie - Answer-they have more water per
pound of body weight than adults. This is the same ratio of water to calories in human
milk and most formulas
What does breast milk provide for infants 4-6 months - Answer-Except for vitamin D,
breast milk provides all the nutrients an infant needs
An infant is born with a what supply of iron - Answer-three- to six-month supply
,When the infant reaches 6 months of age, the pediatrician usually gives the infant what
- Answer-iron-fortified cereal.
Why do infants get vitamin K supplement shortly after birth - Answer-newborns lack
intestinal bacteria to synthesize vitamin K
Some pediatricians prescribe fluoride for - Answer-breastfed babies or for formula-fed
babies living in areas where the water, such as well water, contains little fluoride.
Care must be taken that infants do not receive excessive amounts of either - Answer-
vitamin A or D
What can Vitamin A do to a baby in excessive amounts - Answer-can damage the liver
and cause bone abnormalities
What can vitamin D do to a baby in excessive amounts - Answer-can damage the
cardiovascular system and kidneys
What is better breastfeeding or formula feeding - Answer-Breastfeeding
Breast milk provides the infant with - Answer-temporary immunity to many infectious
diseases, is sterile, is easy to digest, and usually does not cause gastrointestinal
disturbances or allergic reactions, contains less protein and minerals than infant
formula, it reduces the load on the infant's kidneys, breastfeeding also promotes oral
motor development in infants and decreases the infant's risk of obesity and diabetes.
Breastfed infants have what than formula fed babies - Answer-fewer infections
(especially ear infections)
As the infant grows and develops - Answer-a stronger sucking ability will allow more
milk to be extracted at each feeding, and the frequency of nursing sessions will
decrease.
Growth spurts of an infant occur at about - Answer-10 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3
months of age. During this time, the infant will nurse more frequently to increase the
supply of nutrients needed to support growth.
One can be quite confident the infant is getting sufficient nutrients and calories from
breastfeeding if - Answer-there are six or more wet diapers a day there is normal growth
there are one or two mustard-colored bowel movements a day the breast becomes less
full during nursing
Breastfeeding helps the mother's - Answer-uterus return to normal size after delivery,
controls postpartum bleeding, and helps the mother more quickly return to her
prepregnancy weight, showing a decreased risk of breast cancer and of osteoporosis in
premenopausal women
, Ways of storing breast milk - Answer-expressed earlier, refrigerated or frozen, and used
at the appropriate time, or a bottle of formula can be substituted.
Never warm the breast milk in a microwave because - Answer-the antibodies will be
destroyed.
What position should infants be at when bottle feeding - Answer-The infant should be
cuddled and held in a semi-upright position during the feeding
Why should infants be fed in a semi-upright position - Answer-babies fed this way are
less inclined to develop middle ear infections than those fed lying down. It is believed
that the upright position prevents fluid from pooling at the back of the throat and
entering tubes from the middle ear.
Why should infants be burped - Answer-to release gas in the stomach, helps prevent
regurgitation.
Baby formulas are usually based on - Answer-cow's milk because it is abundant and
easily modified to resemble human milk. It must be modified because it has more
protein and mineral salts and less milk sugar (lactose) than human milk.
soy formula - Answer-developed so that they are similar to human milk in nutrient and
caloric values.
Synthetic formula is given when? - Answer-When an infant is extremely sensitive or
allergic to infant formulas, commonly made from soybeans.
Hypoallergenic formulas - Answer-Formulas with predigested proteins, used for infants
unable to tolerate all other types of formulas.
What must be mixed with concentrated and powdered formulas - Answer-Sterile or
boiled tap water
Formula remaining in a bottle that has been given to an infant must be discarded after -
Answer-one hour
Fresh formula that has been prepared for the infant is generally good for - Answer-24
hours.
Ready-to-feed formula or formula made from concentrate is generally good for -
Answer-48 hours.
Too little water added to the formula as needed create - Answer-too heavy a protein and
mineral load for the infant's kidneys.
AND ADOLESCENCE EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
In a baby physical and mental development are dependent on - Answer-food
Psychosocial development is a baby is affected by - Answer-the manner and time in
which the food is offered
On demand - Answer-preferable way to feed babies, feeding them when they desire it
On demand schedule averages approximately - Answer-every four hours by the time
the baby is 2 or 3 months old.
Why are the infant's energy, vitamin, mineral, and protein requirements higher per unit
of body weight than those of older children or adults? - Answer-The first year of life is a
period of the most rapid growth in one's life. A baby doubles its birth weight by 6 months
of age and triples it within the first year.
During the first year, the normal child needs how many calories - Answer-98-108
calories per kilogram of body weight each day-approximately two to three times the
adult requirement.
The basis of the infant's diet is - Answer-breast milk or formula. Either one is a highly
nutritious, digestible food containing proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals,
and water.
RDA of protein for 6 months of age - Answer-2.2 g of protein per kilogram of weight
each day,
RDA of protein for 6 to 12 months - Answer-1.6 g of protein per kilogram of weight each
day.
Why do infants need 1.5 mL of water per calorie - Answer-they have more water per
pound of body weight than adults. This is the same ratio of water to calories in human
milk and most formulas
What does breast milk provide for infants 4-6 months - Answer-Except for vitamin D,
breast milk provides all the nutrients an infant needs
An infant is born with a what supply of iron - Answer-three- to six-month supply
,When the infant reaches 6 months of age, the pediatrician usually gives the infant what
- Answer-iron-fortified cereal.
Why do infants get vitamin K supplement shortly after birth - Answer-newborns lack
intestinal bacteria to synthesize vitamin K
Some pediatricians prescribe fluoride for - Answer-breastfed babies or for formula-fed
babies living in areas where the water, such as well water, contains little fluoride.
Care must be taken that infants do not receive excessive amounts of either - Answer-
vitamin A or D
What can Vitamin A do to a baby in excessive amounts - Answer-can damage the liver
and cause bone abnormalities
What can vitamin D do to a baby in excessive amounts - Answer-can damage the
cardiovascular system and kidneys
What is better breastfeeding or formula feeding - Answer-Breastfeeding
Breast milk provides the infant with - Answer-temporary immunity to many infectious
diseases, is sterile, is easy to digest, and usually does not cause gastrointestinal
disturbances or allergic reactions, contains less protein and minerals than infant
formula, it reduces the load on the infant's kidneys, breastfeeding also promotes oral
motor development in infants and decreases the infant's risk of obesity and diabetes.
Breastfed infants have what than formula fed babies - Answer-fewer infections
(especially ear infections)
As the infant grows and develops - Answer-a stronger sucking ability will allow more
milk to be extracted at each feeding, and the frequency of nursing sessions will
decrease.
Growth spurts of an infant occur at about - Answer-10 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3
months of age. During this time, the infant will nurse more frequently to increase the
supply of nutrients needed to support growth.
One can be quite confident the infant is getting sufficient nutrients and calories from
breastfeeding if - Answer-there are six or more wet diapers a day there is normal growth
there are one or two mustard-colored bowel movements a day the breast becomes less
full during nursing
Breastfeeding helps the mother's - Answer-uterus return to normal size after delivery,
controls postpartum bleeding, and helps the mother more quickly return to her
prepregnancy weight, showing a decreased risk of breast cancer and of osteoporosis in
premenopausal women
, Ways of storing breast milk - Answer-expressed earlier, refrigerated or frozen, and used
at the appropriate time, or a bottle of formula can be substituted.
Never warm the breast milk in a microwave because - Answer-the antibodies will be
destroyed.
What position should infants be at when bottle feeding - Answer-The infant should be
cuddled and held in a semi-upright position during the feeding
Why should infants be fed in a semi-upright position - Answer-babies fed this way are
less inclined to develop middle ear infections than those fed lying down. It is believed
that the upright position prevents fluid from pooling at the back of the throat and
entering tubes from the middle ear.
Why should infants be burped - Answer-to release gas in the stomach, helps prevent
regurgitation.
Baby formulas are usually based on - Answer-cow's milk because it is abundant and
easily modified to resemble human milk. It must be modified because it has more
protein and mineral salts and less milk sugar (lactose) than human milk.
soy formula - Answer-developed so that they are similar to human milk in nutrient and
caloric values.
Synthetic formula is given when? - Answer-When an infant is extremely sensitive or
allergic to infant formulas, commonly made from soybeans.
Hypoallergenic formulas - Answer-Formulas with predigested proteins, used for infants
unable to tolerate all other types of formulas.
What must be mixed with concentrated and powdered formulas - Answer-Sterile or
boiled tap water
Formula remaining in a bottle that has been given to an infant must be discarded after -
Answer-one hour
Fresh formula that has been prepared for the infant is generally good for - Answer-24
hours.
Ready-to-feed formula or formula made from concentrate is generally good for -
Answer-48 hours.
Too little water added to the formula as needed create - Answer-too heavy a protein and
mineral load for the infant's kidneys.
